栉孔扇贝卵发生的超微结构和细胞化学  

ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF EGG GENESIS IN SCALLOP CHLAMYS FARRERI

作　　者：刘卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产研究所,大连116023

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》1999年第6期593-597,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

摘　　要：对栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓｆａｒｒｅｒｉ 的卵原细胞和卵母细胞发育过程的超微结构和细胞化学研究结果表明：卵原细胞的胞质中含大量的游离核糖体，细胞器不发达，蛋白质和ＲＮＡ丰富而糖元贫乏；卵黄生成之前，卵母细胞中的核质膨大为生发泡；核仁发达，胞质中线粒体大为增多；卵黄体和皮层颗粒首先出现于核周，接近线粒体聚集处；卵黄生成盛期，卵母细胞的胞质内具平行片层粗面内质网和同心圆状粗面内质网，它们是生成卵黄体和皮层颗粒的主要细胞器，线粒体和高尔基器也参与了这两种内含物的生成；微胞饮作用也为细胞的发育提供某些物质；卵黄体含蛋白质和糖元，皮层颗粒富含多糖类；卵黄膜形成始于卵黄生成初期，先是细胞游离端的胞质出现一个富含多糖的突起，突起部的质膜微绒毛化，微绒毛分泌产生由中性多糖构成的卵黄膜，继而向四周扩展，并于卵母细胞成熟时覆盖整个细胞；ＲＮＡ 合成贯穿于卵母细胞的整个发育期，延续至卵黄生成结束之后，成熟分裂临近之时．The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of egg genesis in scallop Chlamys farreri were studied. There were a lot of ribosomes and a few organelles in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of oogonium was rich in RNA and protein, but lack of glycogen.At previtellogenic stage, the nucleus of the oocyte expanded to become the germinal vesicle,nucleolus was flourishing and the number of mitochodria increased greatly in the cytoplasm .At early vitellogenic stage,yold bodies and cortical granules appeared initially at perinuclear area where mitochondria gathered.When vitellogenic activity turned into intensive stage,both parallel lamellae and concentric lamellae of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the cytoplasm of oocyte and the two types of these organoids played an important role in the formations of yolk bodies and cortical granules. At the same time,the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus involved in this action too. Micropinocytotic activity provided some substances for the development of cell.The yolk body contained proteins and glycogen,and the cortical granule was rich in polysaccharide. Microvilli appeared on the plasmic membrane of the free end of the oocyte after the beginning of vitellogenesis, and the cytoplasm was projected at the same place. The projection was full of neutral polysaccharide and the microvilli secreted neutral polysaccharide to form vitelline membrane.This process gradually extended around, the vitelline membrane covered the whole celluar surface when the oocyte matured. The synthesis of RNA progressed throughout the whole developing course of the oocyte and continued to that time when vetellogenesis was finished and meiosis was approached.

关 键 词：扇贝 栉孔扇贝 卵原细胞 母细胞 超微结构 细胞化学 

分 类 号：Q959.212[生物学—动物学] S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]