早期自由主义视域中的平等——以梁启超、严复为中心的考察  

Equality in the Vision of Early Liberalism: A Focus on Liang Qichao and Yan Fu

作　　者：高瑞泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所哲学系,上海200062

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第6期14-22,共9页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"平等观念在现代中国的嬗变与价值"(06BZX038)阶段性成果;上海市重点学科建设项目(B401)

摘　　要：在平等观念的古今嬗变中,梁启超、严复代表了早期自由主义的一翼。与同时代激进的平等主义一翼有诸多不同:他们主要依靠外来观念与对现代社会生活的直观体验获得平等意识的觉醒,同时借助传统观念的"变形"来建构新的社会规范;在现代性价值排序中以自由为中心,坚持自由对于平等的优先性,认为假如人们没有自由,甚至不能提出平等的主张,更没有实践平等的权利;不是将"平等"视为全盘性改造社会的激进方案,而主张听任服从进化规律的人类社会的自然演进,因为是自由竞争而不是理性设计,才是社会进步的动力;在分配问题上,他们通常拒绝平均主义和结果平等,更多地关注政治平等和机会平等。这些基本的观点大多被后来的自由主义所继承,他们对于"平等"观念的哲学论证之薄弱后来也并没有得到根本性的改变。In the historical evolution of equality,Liang Qichao and Yan Fu represented one school of early liberalism.Different from a school of contemporary radical equalitarianism,Liang Qichao and Yan Fu acquired their sense of equality mainly through exotic ideas and direct experience of modern social life,and they formulated new social norms in the light of deformed traditional ideas.They put liberty above all other modern values,assuming that liberty is above equality.They believed that people who are deprived of liberty are not even allowed to raise proposals of liberty,let alone granted the right to put equality into effect.They wouldn＇t regard equality as a radical project to transform the whole society;instead,they followed the natural evolution rules of human society,because it is free competition rather than rational design that is the driving force that pushes society forward.On the issue of distribution,they normally rejected egalitarianism or equality of outcome,and they paid more attention to equality of politics or equality of chance.Late on,the new liberalists inherited most of these essential viewpoints,but they failed to make fundamental improvement upon the weak philosophical demonstration of equality.

关 键 词：梁启超 严复 自由 平等 自由主义 

分 类 号：B25[哲学宗教—中国哲学]