鸭绿江口湿地鸻鹬类停歇地的生物生态研究  

A study on bio-ecology of the stopover site of waders within China′s Yalu River estuary wetlands

作　　者：宋伦[1] 杨国军[2] 李爱[1] 王年斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋生物资源与生态学重点实验室,大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学,大连116023

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第24期7500-7510,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005018);世界自然基金(10000866);中国近海海洋综合调查与评价-908辽宁专项(LN-908-01-03-06)

摘　　要：鸭绿江口湿地是鸻鹬类在东亚—澳大利亚北迁路线上的最重要停歇地,潮间带上的双壳类、腹足类、多毛类等底栖动物为鸻鹬类提供了能量保障。2010年3月—2011年6月对鸭绿江口潮间带的生物生态进行了调查研究。研究结果表明,生物群落结构相对简单,主要以双壳类、腹足类和多毛类为主,优势种演替明显,系统具有低多样性低密度的特点。鸻鹬类能量补充来源相对匮乏,饵料生物量的更新速度较慢,所提供的能值也相对较低,江户明樱蛤、青蛤(幼体)和长吻沙蚕是鸻鹬类的主要食物来源。鸻鹬类主要集中在低潮带下区觅食,在北迁高峰期对低潮带下区饵料生物影响较显著,尤其对江户明樱蛤丰度影响最明显。泥螺作为优势种,生态位最宽,分布于整个调查断面和潮带,但因体表分泌一种毒性粘液而不被鸻鹬类取食。饵料生物的种群补充能力较强,在鸻鹬类迁徙高峰期之后,饵料丰度和生物量又会恢复到正常水平。虽然目前人类对鸻鹬类的威胁显现较小,但使人类—生态系统—滨鸟之间持续和谐统一,必须综合考量鸭绿江口湿地包括人类在内的生态系统各关键组分之间的生态关联,兼顾生态系统的完整性和人类社会经济发展的可持续性。The Yalu River Estuary National Wetland Nature Reserve is the last stopover area for migratory shorebirds flying north on the East Asian-Australasian and West Pacific flyways.Each year,more than 500,000 migratory shorebirds stop here to rest and forage,especially wading birds on the East Asia-Australian flyway.Long-distance migratory waders need to accumulate energy rapidly at stopover sites to ensure successful migration and reproduction.They mainly rely on polychaetes,bivalves,gastropods and crustaceans on the intertidal zone as a food source to renew their energy reserves.Human activities directly impact intertidal biological communities.Hydropower,human-caused changes to the physicochemical environment,sediments and other ecological factors influence the stability of ecological systems like estuaries and the energy supply available to birds at stopover sites.From March 2010 to June 2011,an ecological investigation was conducted on the Yalu River estuary wetland.The results show that the structure of biological community is relatively simple,dominated by bivalves,gastropods and polychaetes,and these dominant species have obviously undergone ecological succession.The estuary has low species diversity,and the species have low density populations.The wading birds forage on relatively poor sources of energy,while the biomass of the forage species renews slowly and provides a comparatively low level of energy.Moerella jedoensis,Cyclina sinensis（larva） and Glycera chirori are the main food species.The food organisms in the low tidal areas are significantly impacted by the migratory birds,especially M.jedoensis,because the foraging activities of wading birds are mainly concentrated on the low tidal areas during the peak of the northward migration.Bullacta exarata,thought to be the dominant species with the widest ecological distribution and distributed across the entire study area and tidal zone,is excluded by the waders as a food source since they excrete toxic mucus on their body surface.The food organisms are

关 键 词：鸻鹬类 生物生态 摄食压力 鸭绿江口 潮间带 迁徙停歇地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]