汶川地震灾区中学生心理健康状况及与领悟社会支持的关系研究  

Research on the Relationship between Mental Health Status and Perceived Social Support among Middle School Students from Wenchuan Earthquake Hit Area

作　　者：王芳[1] 姜鑫[1] 黎瞳[1] 李婷[1] 李娟[1] 侯丰苏[1] 胡晓琴[1] 袁萍[1] 文进[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,成都610041 [2]四川大学华西医院医院管理与卫生政策教研室,成都610041

出　　处：《中国循证医学杂志》2011年第12期1362-1366,共5页Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:81072376)

摘　　要：目的了解"5.12"汶川大地震重灾区中学生的心理健康状况、领悟社会支持情况以及二者的关系,为相关部门制定心理干预策略与措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取汶川灾区三所中学初一、初二、高一、高二的全体学生共1?698名作为研究对象。采用自编基本情况问卷,症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90),领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS),以班级为单位进行自填式问卷调查。结果 1?690名被调查者中,SCL-90总分阳性率为46.3%,66.6%的学生存在轻度心理问题,26.5%的学生存在中、重度心理问题;女生SCL-90各因子的得分和SCL-90总体阳性的筛检阳性率均高于男生(P<0.05);初中学生恐怖症状的得分高于高中学生(P<0.05),高中学生强迫得分高于初中学生(P<0.05)。城市学生各因子得分均低于农村学生,除敌对外,其余各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。领悟社会支持总分中位数为60.00分,在性别、年级方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);领悟社会支持总分与SCL-90总分呈负相关(r=–0.261,P<0.05)。不同性别、年级、地震前居住地的学生领悟社会支持与SCL-90均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论汶川地震灾区的中学生心理问题突出;领悟社会支持有助于促进心理健康。在进行心理干预时,应关注不同学生群体的心理健康差异,有针对性地开展心理辅导与教育。Objective To investigate the mental health status,perceived social support,as well as the relationship between them among middle school students in Wenchuan Earthquake region,so as to provide references for the relevant department to formulate appropriate strategies and intervention measures.Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select all 1698 students（excluded the students in Grade 3） as the research subjects from three middle schools in the disaster regions.All students were investigated with self-designed basic information questionnaire,Symptom Check-List 90（SCL-90） and Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS） through self-administered questionnaire.Results e overall positive rate on the SCL-90 was 46.3% among 1690 students,of whom 66.6% had mild psychological problems and 26.5% had moderate to severe psychological problems.e positive rate on the SCL-90 and the score for each factor of SCL-90 were statistically higher in the female students than male students（P0.05）.Compared with the senior middle school stu-dents,the score on the phobic anxiety subscale of the SCL-90 was statistically higher in the junior middle school students（P0.05）,while the score on the obsessive-compulsive subscale was otherwise statistically lower（P0.05）.With the excep-tion of the hostility subscale,the score on each subscale of the SCL-90 in the urban students was statistically lower than the rural students（P0.05）.e median score on the perceived social support subscale was 60.00,with signi cant di erences between the students of di erent sexes and grades（P0.05）.e overall score on the perceived social support subscale was negatively correlated with the SCL-90 score（r= –0.261,P0.05）.e score was negatively correlated with the SCL-90 score in the students regarding di erent sexes,grades and living areas prior to the earthquake（P0.05）.Conclusion e mid-dle school students in the disaster regions have prominent psychological problems;perceived social support is helpful to promote the developme

关 键 词：心理健康 领悟社会支持 地震 中学生 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]