病理证实的淀粉样脑血管病26例临床分析  

A retrospective study of 26 cases of pathologically established cerebral amyloid angiopathy

作　　者：李晓秋[1] 苏东风 王耀山[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳军区总医院神经内科,110016 [2]解放军第四六三医院神经内科

出　　处：《中华神经科杂志》2011年第12期832-835,共4页Chinese Journal of Neurology

摘　　要：目的总结26例尸检证实的淀粉样脑血管病的临床资料特点，以提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析我院1983-1999年收治的经尸检证实的26例淀粉样脑血管病患者，总结其既往史、临床表现、实验室检查等临床资料。结果26例淀粉样脑血管病中男17例，女9例，年龄45～78岁，有高血压病史者8例（30．7％），糖尿病病史者6例（23．1％）。2例患者（7．6％）正服用抗凝或抗血小板剂，均为多发脑叶出血。26例中脑出血20例，其中单发脑叶出血2例，多灶性脑叶出血8例，壳核出血5例，丘脑及小脑出血各2例，脑干出血1例。蛛网膜下腔出血2例，出血性脑梗死、基底节区梗死、椎基底动脉闭塞及硬膜下血肿各1例。20例淀粉样脑血管病脑出血患者临床表现为头痛、肢体瘫痪、昏迷、抽搐等。结论淀粉样脑血管病临床上常以脑血管病表现形式起病，伴有或不伴有高血压。脑叶出血是淀粉样脑血管病最常见临床表现，但少数也可见基底节、小脑和脑干出血。淀粉样脑血管病也可表现为脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血。抗凝剂（如华法林）及抗血小板药物（如阿司匹林）的应用对淀粉样脑血管病脑出血可能具有一定的促发作用。Objective To study the clinical feature of 26 cases which were diagnosed pathologically as cerebral amyloid angiopathy （ CAA ） and to improve the level of diagnosis. Methods The clinical characteristics of the 26 cases with CAA in our hospital from 1983 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed, including previous history, clinical manifestation, and laboratory examination. Results Of the 26 CAA patients, there were 17 men and 9 women with age ranging from 45 to 78 years. Eight patients （30. 7% ） had the history of hypertension; 6 cases （23.1%） suffered from diabetes; 2 patients（7.6% ） were taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents in whom serious CAA and multiple hemorrhages were histopathologically confirmed by autopsy. There were 20 cases diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage, including 2 patients with single lobe hemorrhage, 8 patients with multiple lobe hemorrhage, 5 patients with putamen hemorrhage, 2 patients with cerebral ganglion hemorrhage, 2 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage, and 1 patient with brain stem hemorrhage. Of the 26 CAA patients, there were 2 patients with subaracchnoid hemorrhage, 1 patient with hemorrhagic cerebral infarction, 1 patient with basal ganglia infarction, 1 patient with basilar artery occlusion, 1 patient with subdural hematoma. The clinical manifestation of the 20 cases diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage included headache, limb palsy, coma, and hyperspasmia. Conclusions CAA always begin as cerebrovascular disease symptoms with or without hypertension. The most common manifestation of CAA is lobe hemorrhage, while the CAA-related hemorrhage seldom occurs in basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem. CAA can also manifest cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anticoagulant （warfarin） or antiplatelet agents （aspirin） maybe a contributing factor for CAA-related hemorrhage.

关 键 词：脑淀粉样血管病 高血压 脑出血 回顾性研究 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]