真实线和想象线的朝向辨别学习及其相互迁移  

The Orientation Discrimination Learning of Real Lines and Imagery Lines as Well As Their Mutual Transfer

作　　者：钟翔[1] 王芳[1] 马小丽[1] 杨彬[1] 宋艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第6期1379-1384,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070899和31070983);国家重点基础研究计划(2011CB711000)资助

摘　　要：以往的朝向辨别学习普遍采用真实刺激作为材料,其特异性与迁移性是研究争论的焦点之一。该研究以实线和想象线为刺激,采用朝向辨别任务训练被试,系统考察两者朝向辨别学习的特点和相互关系。结果发现,训练实线和想象线任务的两组被试行为都有显著提高,并且这两种学习效果能部分地彼此迁移,且都能迁移到不同位置。该研究结果提示,不论是想象线的学习还是实线的学习都涉及高级脑区的参与,并且两者的学习有部分共同的脑机制。Many previous studies of orientation discrimination learning often adopted real stimuli as the experimental material.Up till now,the specificity and generalization of learning has been one of the focuses in the research controversy.In the present study,we adopted an orientation discrimination task,using both real lines and imagery lines as experimental stimuli,and examined the characteristics of two kinds of learning and their relationship.In the first experiment,we used ＂real lines in the upper-left visual field＂ as the training stimuli,＂real lines in the lower-right visual field＂,＂imagery lines in the upper-left visual field＂ and ＂imagery lines in the lower -right visual field＂ as untrained conditions.We investigated whether the learning effect of real lines could transfer to untrained location and imagery lines.In the second experiment,we used ＂imagery lines in the upper-left visual field＂ as the training stimuli and used the other three types of stimuli as the untrained conditions.We investigated whether the learning effect of imagery lines could transfer to untrained location and real lines.The results showed that,for both real fines and imagery lines,orientation discrimination training significantly decreased the subject＇s thresholds.What＇s more important,this learning effect could partly transfer to the untrained location and untrained stimuli type.In the third experiment,in which the subjects only needed to participate in the pre-test and the post-test （five days after the pre-test）,we ruled out that the improvement of performance was just due to pre-test and proved that orientation discrimination learning indeed transferred to the untrained location and the untrained stimuli type.In sum,our results strongly suggest that the two kinds of orientation discrimination learning might involve some non-retinotopic high brain areas and there are common neural mechanisms between them.

关 键 词：知觉学习 特异性 迁移性 朝向辨别 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]