长期定位施肥对旱地黑垆土钾素空间分布及有效性影响  

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Spatial Distribution and Availability of Soil Potassium in the Dark Loessial Soil

作　　者：柳燕兰[1] 郝明德[2] 郭贤仕[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第5期64-68,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(200903007-x);国家重点基础研究发展计划主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究,西北旱作高产栽培的水分高效利用原理及调控(2009CB118604);国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD31B01);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-JC408)

摘　　要：对黄土高原长期定位施肥24年后土壤钾素的空间分布及其有效性进行研究。结果表明:不同施肥处理0-20cm土层各形态钾素含量均高于20-40cm的,施用化肥处理的非特殊吸附性钾除外,且60cm以下随土层深度不断加深,不同形态的钾素含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。长期施用化肥0-300cm土层中各形态钾素含量均表现出明显低于CK的趋势;长期施用有机肥或有机肥与化肥配施明显增加了各形态钾素含量,说明施用有机肥能维持黑垆土速效钾的平衡,缓解非交换性钾的下降趋势。相关分析表明,土壤速效钾与土壤中水溶性钾之间呈极显著相关,与非特殊吸附性钾呈显著相关,与特殊吸附性钾和非交换性钾无相关性。长期施肥可提高小麦植株的钾素吸收量,茎含钾量丰富,占总植株的36.67%,籽粒钾含量仅占植株钾总量的9.74%。The spatial distribution and availability of soil potassium in loess plateau after 24 years of long-term fertilization were investigated in this study.The result showed that the quantity of potassium,except the nonspecifically absorbed K with the chemical fertilizer application,in the 0-20 cm soil layer was larger than that in 20-40 cm soil layer in all treatments and the quantity of potassium gradually decreased with depth below in the 60 cm soil layer.The quantities of K in 0-300 cm soil layer in the treatment which the chemical fertilizer was applied showed decreased tend compared to CK,but the quantities of K in organic fertilizer treatment was increased.Correlation analysis showed that soil available K was significantly correlated with the water soluble K.Meanwhile it was significant correlated with the nonspecifically absorbed K and no significant correlated with the specifically K and non-exchanged K.So if organic fertilizer was amended in the black soil,the balance of available potassium could be maintained.Furthermore,applying fertilizer could increase potassium content in the plant of wheat.The potassium content was high in stems,accounting for 36.67% of the total potassium content of plant,but which in seed accounting for only 9.74%.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 土壤钾素 空间分布 有效性 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S158.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]