基于内容分析法的美国早期学习标准内容探析  

A Study on American Early Learning Standards

作　　者：刘霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市第五幼儿园科研室,北京100061

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2012年第1期49-59,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：全国教育科学"十一五"规划2009年度教育部重点课题(编号:DFA90192)的资助

摘　　要：早期学习标准是指导幼儿教育及其课程建设的基本依据。当前我国幼儿教育领域存在各种课程,但普遍存在课程内容深浅不一,缺乏内在连贯性、科学性和系统性等问题。美国早期学习标准从形式和内容来看都较为完善,对世界其他国家早期学习标准的制定和实施都有着重要影响,因此有必要对其进行深入细致的分析和研究。运用内容分析法,可知美国早期学习标准内容注重幼儿全面发展,兼顾广度和深度,重视对幼儿终身学习富有意义的内容;呈现出一定程度的倾向性,语言和读写领域非常受重视,创造性艺术领域被相对忽视;各领域关注本学科基本知识、基本技能和基本态度的培养。我国在制定和运用早期学习标准时要注意内容的全面性、衔接性及其价值等问题。一方面,内容不能过于宽泛,否则会使幼儿的学习内容超载,增加幼儿的学习负担;另一方面,范围也不能过窄,否则会使幼儿不能获得全面、充分的发展。最有价值的学习内容应是对幼儿发展具有重要意义,能为他们的终身学习奠定基础的内容,并应使幼儿学习内容与高一年级学习内容既彼此独立又相互联系。The dissertation found that the American early learning standards often emphasized the children＇s all around development. Their structure emphasized particularly on some areas and kept balance at the same time. Each area had different sub areas. The standards covered age appropriateness and continuous. Some areas presented multiple subjects and reflected the update changes of the society. It can be found that American early learning standards generally stressed comprehensive development of children, basic subjects as well as attitudes. Language, reading and writing played an important role and took great proportion. The creative art was emphasized least through the analysis. American early learning standards took both coherence and appropriate development requirements into consideration. We could learn much from American early learning standards when designing and implementing such standards for our young children and preschool teachers.

关 键 词：早期教育 早期学习标准 内容分析法 

分 类 号：G619.712[文化科学—学前教育学]