应用物种敏感性分布评价法对太湖梅梁湾入湖河流交汇处优控有机污染物的生态风险分析  

Eco-risk assessment on the primarily organic pollutants at Meiliang Bay inlet of Taihu Lake by analyzing the species-sensitivity distributions

作　　者：葛鸿铭[1] 王婷[1] 郁建桥[2] 胡晓燕[1] 林志芬[1] 尹大强[1] 

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]江苏省环境监测中心,南京210036

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第6期116-121,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学面上基金项目(20977067);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07528-005-02);同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室自主研究项目(PCRRK08004)

摘　　要：采用物种敏感性分布法(SSDs),对列于美国EPA优先控制名单的14种太湖梅梁湾水体半挥发性有机污染物进行生态风险分析,分别计算急、慢性5%物种危害质量浓度(HC5);并预测环境质量浓度下化合物对生物单一、联合潜在影响比例(PAF)。结果表明:1)总体来说,梅梁湾水体风险较小,慢性-联合生态风险PAF结果从大到小为春季(枯水期,5.22%)、秋季(0.61%)、夏季(0.49%)、冬季(0.33%);2)14种目标有机污染物中需要注意的是六氯苯(PCB)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、蒽(Ant)和苯并[a]芘(BaP)。这是由于PCB急性EIC5(0.131μg·L^(-1))很小,导致其急性PAF最大(秋季3.90%,冬季3.18%);DOP的高质量浓度导致其春季慢性PAF最大(6.81%);Ant、BaP的急、慢性HC5均很小,但两者质量浓度较低,暂时风险较小。因此,建议加强春季污染控制,提高PCB、DOP的控制力度,并密切关注Ant、BaP质量浓度的上升。This paper is aimed at presenting an eco-toxic risk assessment by analyzing the Species Sensitivity Distributions （SSDs） of the 14 semi-volatile organic pollutants （SVOCs）, which originated from Meiliang Bay, one of Taihu Lake＇s water-inlets. For our research purpose, we have done careful measuring and estimating activities of the hazard concentrations of the 14 SVOCs of 5% of species （HC5） to fresh organisms both at the acute and chronic levels, taking the study of single and mixed organic pollutants and the potentially affected fractions （PAF） as hazard assessment indicators. The results of our investigation show that： （1） the results of our the chronic-multifold eco-toxic risk estimates indicate that the greatest impact on the freshwater organisms comes into being in the first season, that is spring （PAF： spring （5.22%）〉autumn （0.61%）〉summer （0.49%）〉winter （0.33%））. Statistically speaking, the risk level of 2008 turned to be lower in the water body of Meiliang Bay with 94% of freshwater creatures well protected; （2） Some kinds of pollutants at the Bay prove to be dominant, like PCB, DOP, Ant and BaP for the following reasons： ① The acute and chronic HC5 of Ant and BaP turned to be the lowest among these 14 organic pollutants, indicating that the aquatic organisms are more sensitive to the toxicity exposure of Ant or BaP; ② Though the water exposure concentration of HCB proves low （0.131 μg·L-1）, even if it is highly sensitive and less tolerable, the acute PAF of HCB still turn to be highest in autumn and winter （3.9% for autumn and 3.18% for winter）, so the HCB tends to have a significant effect on the acute ecological environment; ③Though DOP is less sensitive and higher tolerable due to its higher water exposure concentration （8.371 μg·L-1）, the chronic PAF of DOP turns to be highest in spring （6.81%）, so DOP has a significant chronic effect on the ecological environment. Therefore, they still remain at the intolerable level

关 键 词：环境科学技术基础学科 物种敏感性分布法 生态风险评价 太湖梅梁湾 水环境 有机污染物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]