仿鸟柔性扑翼气动特性与能耗的数值研究  

Numerical investigation on aerodynamics and power requirement of a bird-like flexible flapping wing

作　　者：肖天航[1] 段文博[1] 昂海松[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2011年第6期709-718,共10页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(20090461113);江苏省博士后科研资助计划基金(0902086C);南航大基本科研业务费专项(NS2010025)

摘　　要：建立了适当的三维仿鸟柔性扑翼模型,并以配平重力和平衡阻力为条件,数值计算了它的低雷诺数非定常流场。研究揭示了翼面初始扭转角度、动态俯仰幅度等重要设计参数与飞行性能的关系,表明扑翼平面的初始扭转程度、扑翼柔性材料的选择以及两者之间的合理搭配对扑翼机的成功飞行至关重要。研究分析了仿鸟扑翼的流场涡结构、升力推力产生原理,下扑过程附着上翼面的前缘涡是升力产生的重要机制。对扑翼气动功率的比较分析也发现,人造扑翼机需要的气动功率明显高出同等大小的鸟类,在效率方面尚不及扑翼飞行生物。The unsteady low Reynolds number flows due to a bird-like flexible flapping-wing model are simulated according to the condition of that the computed mean lift equals its weight and the mean thrust equals the body drag. The influences of some key parameters, such as mean angle and amplitude of wingb torsion, on the aerodynamic performances of the flapping wing are evaluated. The results indicate that the initial torsion shape, the flexibility of the flapping wing and the match of them are very important for successful flapping wing MAVs. The unsteady flow structure, lift and thrust generation mechanisms are analyzed in this paper. The leading edge vortex which is generated and adheres to upper surface during downstroke is a primary mechanism for lift generation. Also a comparison of aerodynamic power requirement is drawn between the orthopter and birds and concludes that current orthopters are still not a patch on flying animals in efficiency as they consume dramatically more aerodynamic power for flying.

关 键 词：微型飞行器 柔性扑翼 非定常流 气动特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：V211.15[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]