重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析  

Characterization and Source Apportionment of Pollutants in Urban Roadway Runoff in Chongqing

作　　者：张千千[1] 王效科[1] 郝丽岭[2] 侯培强[1] 欧阳志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]西南大学资源与环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第1期76-82,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07315);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030744);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1-01)

摘　　要：2010年雨季对重庆市3场降雨时段的地表径流进行采样监测,分析了重庆市路面降雨径流过程特征与降雨强度和降雨间隔时间对不同水质参数初始冲刷的影响,运用多元统计技术区分出路面径流的潜在污染源.结果表明,3场降雨径流的COD、TP和TN的次降雨平均浓度(EMC)分别为60.83～208.03、0.47～1.01和2.07～5.00 mg.L-1,超出了国家地表水环境质量V类标准,是主要污染物;3次降雨事件中,污染物浓度的峰值均提前或同步于径流量的峰值,并且污染物浓度的峰值多数出现在产流10 min内;重金属Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd浓度随降雨径流过程呈锯齿状变化;运用主成分分析区分出路面径流水质的2种潜在污染源:①机动车交通损耗和大气干湿沉降;②城市垃圾.By investigating surface runoff from urban roadway in Chongqing, we assessed the characteristics of surface runoff pollution and the effect of rainfall intensity and antecedent dry weather period on water quality. Using multivariate statistical analysis of data of runoff quality, potential pollutants discharged from urban roadway runoff were identified. The results show that the roadway runoff has high levels of COD, TP and TN, the EMC were 60.83-208.03 mg·L-1, 0.47-1.01 mg·L-1 and 2.07-5.00 mg·L-1 respectively, being the main pollutants; The peaks of pollutant concentration are ahead of or synchronous with the peak of runoff volume; the peaks of pollutant concentrations are mostly occurred within 10 minutes of rainfall. The heavy metal concentrations fluctuate dentately during runoff proceeding. Two potential pollution sources to urban roadway runoff apportioned by using principal component analysis are： vehicle＇s traffic loss and atmospheric dry and wet deposition, and municipal wastes.

关 键 词：降雨径流 污染源 初始冲刷 次降雨平均浓度(EMC) 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]