给水管网中耐氯性细菌的灭活特性研究  

Inactivation of the Chlorine-resistant Bacteria Isolated from the Drinking Water Distribution System

作　　者：陈雨乔[1] 段晓笛[1] 陆品品[1] 王茜[1] 张晓健[1] 陈超[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第1期104-109,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50708050);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07420-005)

摘　　要：使用4种常见消毒剂对从实际管网中分离出来的7株耐氯性细菌进行消毒实验.结果表明,这7株细菌均具有较高的耐氯性,其中1株耐氯性最高的类龟分支杆菌自由氯99.9%灭活的CT值为120 mg.(L.min)-1,另外2株血红鞘氨醇单胞菌和甲基杆菌99.9%灭活的CT值分别为7 mg.(L.min)-1和4 mg.(L.min)-1.比较4种消毒剂的消毒效果发现,二氧化氯和单过硫酸氢钾的消毒效果较好,能够在30 min内使分支杆菌的灭活率达到5个数量级.自由氯由于衰减较快,消毒效果不佳.一氯胺能够维持一定的消毒剂浓度,但由于其氧化性较弱,因此需要提高浓度,才能满足消毒要求.能在1 h内灭活3个数量级以上分支杆菌的消毒剂投加量为:3.0 mg/L一氯胺、1.0 mg/L二氧化氯(以Cl2计)和1.0 mg/L单过硫酸氢钾(以Cl2计).考虑到我国水厂消毒的实际情况,建议采用间歇性提高一氯胺浓度或改换二氧化氯消毒的方法,提高对耐氯性细菌的灭活效果.Inactivation experiments of seven strains of chlorine-resistant bacteria, isolated from a drinking water distribution system, were conducted with four kinds of disinfectants. All the bacteria showed high resistance to chlorine, especially for Mycobacterium mucogenicum. The CT value of 99.9% inactivation for M. mucogenicum, Sphingomonas sanguinis and Methylobacterium were 120 mg·（L·min）-1, 7 mg·（L·min）-1 and 4 mg·（L·min）-1, respectively. The results of inactivation experiments showed that chlorine dioxide and potassium monopersulfate could inactive 5 lg of M. mucogenicum within 30 min, which showed significantly higher efficiency than free chlorine and monochloramine. Free chlorine was less effective because the disinfectant decayed very quickly. Chloramination needed higher concentration to meet the disinfection requirements. The verified dosage of disinfectants, which could effectively inactivate 99.9% of the highly chlorine-resistant M. mucogenicum within 1 h, were 3.0 mg/L monochloramine, 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide （as Cl2）, and 1.0 mg/L potassium monopersulfate （as Cl2）. It was suggested that the water treatment plants increase the concentration of monochloramine or apply chlorine dioxide intermittently to control the disinfectant-resistant bacteria.

关 键 词：给水系统 类龟分支杆菌 血红鞘氨醇单胞菌 甲基杆菌 消毒 灭活特性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]