慢性氨氮胁迫对黄颡鱼摄食、生长及血液指标的影响  

Effects of Chronic Ammonia Stress on Foraging, Growth, and Haematological Parameters of Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) Juveniles

作　　者：李波[1,2] 樊启学[1] 杨凯[1,2] 张磊[1] 郭红喜 王青云 高银爱 朱思华 方巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]武汉市水产科学研究所,武汉430065

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2011年第6期824-828,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAD37B02);湖北省"十一五"重大科技攻关项目(No.2006AA203A01)资助~~

摘　　要：挑选规格相近的健康黄颡鱼幼鱼分别饲养在氨氮浓度为3.36 mg L-1(A1)、6.72 mg L-1(A2)、13.44 mg L-1(A3)、26.88 mg L-1(A4)的水体中,对照组(A0)用不加外源氨氮的自然晾晒的自来水饲养.每组放养试验鱼30尾,暴露56d.结果表明,非离子氨对黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食、生长及血液指标存在显著影响(P<0.05),而对鱼体成分的影响不显著(P>0.05).随着非离子氨浓度升高,高浓度组摄食率明显下降,饲料利用率降低,生长缓慢,特定生长率(Specialgrowth rate,SGR)和存活率都较对照组低.血氨浓度随非离子氨浓度升高而显著升高(P<0.01),各处理组血氨浓度远低于其所处环境总氨氮(Total ammonia,TAN)浓度,而血浆尿素氮(Urea nitrogen,Ur-N)水平逐渐降低但差异不显著.A3和A4碱性磷酸酶(k p p,AKP)活性和皮质醇(Cortisol)水平升高较快,A1和A2尽管呈上升趋势,但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).血糖(Glucose,GLU)浓度总体上表现为降低的趋势,2个高浓度组(A3和A4)下降速度较快.谷丙转氨酶(Alamine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)活性总体呈升高趋势,非离子氨浓度越大其升高趋势越明显.因此,黄颡鱼幼鱼不宜长期生活在高浓度的氨氮胁迫环境中,适宜的养殖水体中氨氮应该保持在低于6.72 mg L-1水平.Some health yellow catfish juveniles were chosen to raise in the water with different ammonia concentrations （A1-3.36 mg L^-1, A2-6.72 mg L^-1, A3-13.44 mg L^-1, A4-26.88 mg L^-1, and A0-no exogenous ammonia）, respectively. 450 catfish samples in good health and condition were distributed equally among fifteen 280-L circular fiberglass tanks, and the exposure time was 56 d. The results showed that un-ionized ammonia significantly influenced on growth, foraging and blood parameters of the yellow catfish juveniles, but had no significant effect on the body composition （P〉0.05）. With the increase of un-ionized ammonia, foraging rate decreased dramatically and foraging efficiency reduced. Compared to the control group, the special growth rate and survival rate in high concentration groups were lower. Plasma ammonia concentration increased significantly with the increase of unionized ammonia concentration （P〈0.01）, and the blood ammonia concentration of treatment group was less than the surrounding total ammonia （TAN）. However, plasma urea nitrogen levels showed no significant difference among experimental groups. Alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity and cortisol levels increased quickly in two concentration groups （13.44 mg L^-1, 26.88 mg L^-1）, and although those of A1 and A2 increased, however, there were no significant differences among different groups （P〉0.05）. Glucose （GLU） concentrations showed a gradual decreasing trend, especially decreased rapidly in two high concentration groups （13.44 mg L^-1, 26.88 mg L^-1）. Alamine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were correlated to ammonia concentration. The more ammonia in the blood was, the more ALT and AST increased. Therefore, yellow catfish juveniles were unsuitable for raising in the water with high levels of ammonia, and the concentration of ammonia should be less than 6.72 mg L^-1. Tab 5, Ref 22

关 键 词：慢性氨氮胁迫 黄颡鱼 摄食 血液指标 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q959.405[生物学—动物学]