生态脆弱区土地利用格局变化及其环境效应——以宁夏回族自治区中部干旱带为例  

Landuse Change and Its Environmental Effect in Ecologically Vulnerable Area——A Case Study in Arid Area of Central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

作　　者：贾科利[1] 姚玉玲[1] 郭占军[1] 叶蔚[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第6期218-222,228,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"宁夏中部干旱带土地利用变化与沙漠化响应研究"(40801219);宁夏大学211工程重点学科建设项目"草业科学与生态工程"

摘　　要：基于遥感、GIS技术、景观生态学及层次分析方法,以宁夏回族自治区中部干旱带为研究区,利用1978年MSS以及1987,1996,2007年的TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源,对该区域近30a来土地利用格局变化及环境效应进行了分析。结果表明,30a来该区耕地和建设用地有不同程度的增加,新增耕地主要来自未利用土地和草地,建设用地面积的增加主要来源于耕地和未利用土地;耕地和未利用土地向林地、草地转化是林地和草地面积增加的主要来源。由于受人类活动的干扰,研究区土地利用景观结构发生了较大变化,土地利用格局变化产生了景观破碎化,景观异质性增加,生态环境退化等生态效应。但20世纪90年代中后期以来,在以还林还草、禁牧及水利等综合治理工程为核心的生态环境治理措施调控下,土地利用结构得以调整,植被覆盖增加,区域生态环境质量逐步得以改善。Using the methods of remote sensing,geographical information system（GIS）,landscape ecology and analytic hierarchy process（AHP）,this paper analyzed the change of landuse pattern and its ecological and environmental effects in arid area of central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 1978 to 2007 based on the MSS image in 1978 and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1987,1996,2007.The results showed that areas of farmland and construction areas increased in the past 30 years.The newly-increased farmlands mainly came from unused land and grassland,while the newly-increased lands for construction mainly came from farmland and unused lands.At the same time,the forest land and grassland decreased from 1978 to 1987,and increased from since 1987.The sources of increased area were primary farmland and unused land.These changes caused great changes in landscape such as landscape fragmenting and heterogeneity and declining of environmental quality from 1978 to 1987.The index of environmental effect was only 0.118 in 1987.After that,with implementation of the regulating and controlling measures,prohibiting graze policy and hydraulic engineering,more farmland and unused land have been converted to trees and grasses,the vegetation cover increased,and the landuse structure was adjusted.This led to the gradual improvement of environmental quality since the middle and late 1990s by environmetal strategies.

关 键 词：生态脆弱区 土地利用变化 环境效应 宁夏回族自治区中部 干旱带 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]