基于GIS的安徽省冬小麦农业干旱脆弱性评价  

Analysis on Vulnerability of Winter Wheat in Anhui Province Based on GIS

作　　者：张宏群[1,2] 马晓群[1,2] 陈晓艺[1,2] 吴文玉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽省大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第33期146-150,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2010年科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项"淮河流域主要农作物旱涝损失精细化评估技术"(GYHY201006027);2009年安徽省气象局重点业务项目"安徽省精细化农业气候区划"

摘　　要：在灾害强度一定的情况下,承灾体、孕灾环境和抗灾能力是影响气象灾害损失程度的主要因素。为了明确安徽省冬小麦干旱脆弱性的分布规律,以便有针对性地采取应对措施,以冬小麦农业干旱为研究对象,选取冬小麦种植密度和产量水平、土壤质地、高程及高程标准差、森林覆盖率、综合水网、有效灌溉面积、旱涝保收面积和人均GDP等作为灾害脆弱性分析指标,采用层次分析法确定因子权重系数,利用GIS空间分析功能,生成安徽省冬小麦农业干旱脆弱性分布图。结果表明:安徽省冬小麦农业干旱脆弱性南北差异较大,沿淮淮北地区是冬小麦主产区,同时也是农业干旱非常脆弱的地区。综合水网、土壤质地、森林覆盖率和旱涝保收面积等对农业干旱的影响较大,应积极采取增强冬小麦主产区抗旱能力的措施,降低沿淮淮北冬小麦农业干旱的脆弱性,提高安徽省冬小麦稳产高产水平。The disaster body, environment and ability of anti-disaster ability are the major factors of influencing meteorological disaster degree of damage if the disaster intension keeps unvarying. In order to confirm distribution characteristics of winter wheat drought vulnerability in Anhui Province, and adopt corresponding solutions, the agriculture drought of winter wheat was chosen for research. The density of winter wheat, yield level, soil character, DEM, DEM standard deviation, rate of tree cover, network of rivers, effective irrigation areas, ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain area and average GDP were chosen for analysis index of disaster vulnerability. The hierarchy analysis was used to define weight coefficient. The drought vulnerability of winter wheat in Anhui Province was analyzed by using GIS space analysis function. Therefore the distribution map of drought vulnerability was created. The results showed that： the drought vulnerability of winter wheat was obvious in south and north in Anhui Province. Along the winter wheat production of Huaibei area was vulnerability of agriculture drought. Network of rivers, soil character, rate of tree cover and ensure stable yield despite drought or excessive rain area were major influence for agriculture drought. The measurements of anti-drought ability of winter wheat in production area should improve, decreased winter wheat agriculture drought vulnerability along Huaihe River, improving winter wheat high and stable yields level in Anhui Province.

关 键 词：GIS 冬小麦 干旱脆弱性 安徽省 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]