姚广孝的隔声建筑  

YAO GUANGXIAO's SOUND INSULATION BUILDING ANDITS POLITICAL AND MILITARY BACKGROUND

作　　者：戴念祖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2000年第1期49-54,共6页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：一般地认为，隔声建筑是２０世纪初的科技成果。该文以历史文献证明，明代初年姚广孝发现多孔墙体吸声并于１３９９年秘密地建成隔声房。明末，方以智（１６１１～１６７１年）在《物理小识》中总结多孔墙吸声的道理并最早使用“隔声”一词，从此隔声建筑的技术为中国人普遍知晓。Generally speaking, the sound insulation building was a scientificachievement at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth century. Through historicaldocuments, this article proves that sound insulation buildings began to be built at thebeginning of the Ming Dynasty in China. According the accounts in Biography of YaoGuangxiao of History of the Ming Dynasty and other works, it was Yao Guangxiao(1335 ~ 1418) of the Ming Dynasty who first discovered the sound-absorbing effect ofthe porous wall and built the sound insulation room. In 1398, he built secretly the underground sound insulation room. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Fang Yizhi (1611~1671 ) summarized the principles of sound absorption of the porous wall in the Wu LiXiao Shi and first used the word'sound insulation'. From then on, the technology of thesound insulation building was generally known in China. In 1822, Zheng Guangzhu(1776-1848), a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, recorded the technology of the sound insulation building in Yi Ban Lu. Yao Guangxiao and his successors built walls with urnsand earthen jars whose mouths raced the inside of the room, and thus the porous wallcame into being. If materials like the worn-out felt rug or cotton were filled in the urnsand earthen jars, the effect of the sound insulation of the porous wall would be muchbetter.There was a background of the science and culture for the construction of the soundinsulation room in China. From the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, people liked tobuild coffin chambers with hollow bricks. At that time, people did not know that hollow bricks had the effect of sound insulation, but they hoped that the dead would rest inpeace under the ground, free from worldly disturbance. The idea enlightened YaoGuangxiao in building the underground sound insulation room. In addition, from theWarring States onwards, strategists of different dynasties used earthen urns as geophones. Shen Kuo (1031~1095) of the Song Dynasty thought that earthen urns'couldabsorb sound' when he explained the geophones

关 键 词：姚广孝 隔声建筑 声学史 建筑史 建筑声学 中国 

分 类 号：TU112-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]