注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的工作记忆损害特征  

Working memory deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：杨斌让[1] 李建英[2] 杨思渊[3] 彭刚[1] 叶妙婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市儿童医院,广东深圳518026 [2]中山大学附属第三医院,广州510630 [3]广州市儿童医院,广州510120

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2012年第1期41-45,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童工作记忆功能特征。方法:本研究为横断面研究。根据美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版(DSM-IV),对符合ADHD诊断标准的未经治疗的100名门诊患儿及年龄、性别相匹配的100名正常儿童分别采用韦氏儿童智力测验量表中国修订本(C-WISC)及其中的顺背数字(反映言语存贮、加工)、倒背数字(反映言语存贮、加工、中央执行)、Corsi木块和空间n-Back任务(反映视空间存贮和中央执行)进行言语及空间工作记忆测试。结果:ADHD组儿童在顺背数字最高位数及总得分、倒背数字最高位数及总得分、Corsi木块最多木块数及总得分均低于对照组儿童,空间2-Back任务反应时短于对照组儿童(均P<0.05)。结论:ADHD儿童存在工作记忆功能缺陷,此缺陷涉及言语环路、视空间存贮系统及中央执行。Objeetive： To explore the characteristics of working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Methods： According to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorderss, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV）, 100 medication-naive children with ADHD and 100 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included in this cross-sectioal study. They were measured with neuropsychological tests including the full-scale IQ （FIQ） （ i. e, C-WISC）, digit forward （ concerning verbal storage and processing）, digit backward （concerning verbal storage, processing and central cxecutive）, Corsi blocks task, and spatial n-back （visualspatial storage and central executive）. Results： In this sample, compared to healthy concols, ADHD children scored lower in the longest and raw score of digit forward [（6. 7 ±1.4） vs. （8. 0 ±1.2）, （8.7 ±2.7） vs. （11.4 ±2. 1）], the longest and raw score in digit backward [ （3. 2±0. 9） vs. （4. 3 ±1.3）, （3. 9 ±1.6） vs. （6. 2 ± 2. 5） ], the lon- gest and raw score in Corsi blocks test [（3.9 s0. 9） vs. （4. 7 ± 1.0）, （6. 7 ± 1.6） vs. （8.6 ± 1.8）], and got shorter response time in 2-Back [（699. 8±323.6） vs. （914. 4 ±412. 1）]. Conclusion： The results suggest that there is significant deficiency in working memory in children with ADHD. And the deficiency is involed in the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad storage systems and a central executive.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 工作记忆 执行功能 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]