广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素的横断面调查  

Cross-sectional study on behavior problems and influential factors among preschool children in Huangpu district of Guangzhou

作　　者：胡敏[1] 静进[1] 金宇[1] 暴芃[1] 刘步云[1] 郭耀光[1] 周偲[1] 杨文翰[1] 王惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生系,广州510080

出　　处：《中国循证儿科杂志》2012年第1期11-18,共8页Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Pediatrics

基　　金：广州市医药卫生科技重大项目:2009-Zda-04

摘　　要：目的了解广州市黄埔区社区学龄前儿童行为问题的流行现状,探讨儿童气质及家庭环境对儿童行为问题的影响。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年10月至2011年1月对广州市黄埔区7所幼儿园1237名(应答率74.9%)3～6岁儿童进行家长问卷调查,内容包括一般情况调查表、家长版长处和困难问卷(SDQ)、3～7岁儿童气质问卷(BSQ)和家庭环境量表(FES)。对1170份有效问卷进行统计分析,对行为问题的影响因素进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果行为问题总检出率为11.4%(134/1170),未发现性别差异;同伴关系困难检出率最高(23.2%),其次是多动注意缺陷(16.6%)、品行问题(11.8%)、情绪症状(8.4%)和亲社会行为(8.4%)。多元线性回归模型可以解释SDQ困难总分约50%的变异,行为问题的保护因素有父亲大专/本科以上受教育程度、家庭亲密度和文化性;危险因素有:联合家庭、儿童疾病史(严重先天性疾病或头部严重外伤)、儿童气质的坚持性低、适应性弱、情绪消极、节律性低、反应强烈、活动水平高。结论儿童行为问题的发生发展是多因素共同作用的结果,制定预防及干预措施需综合考虑各方面因素的影响。Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of behavior problems and associated protective and risk factors among children aged 3 to 6 years in Huangpu district of Guangzhou. Methods A community-based sample of 1 170 children was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（SDQ） , Behavioral Style Questionnaire （BSQ）, Family Environment Scale （FES） and a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristicts and children＇s pre-,peri- and postnatal condition. Results Totally I 1.4% （134/1 170） children were rated as abnormal without significant gender differences. The most prevalent behavior problem was peer problem （23.2%） , followed by hyperactivity（ 16.6% ） , conduct （ 11.8% ） , emotion （ 8.4% ） and prosocial （ 8.4% ）. Multiple linear regression models explained 50% of the total variance of SDQ total difficulties score for children. Paternal educational, cohesion and intellectual-cultural orientation of family environment were significant protective factors against behaviour problems. Joint family, child＇s medical history （congenital diseases, brain injury ） , temperamental low persistence, low adaptability, negative emotionality, low rhythmicity, high intensity and high activity were associated with higher SDQ total difficulties score （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions This study is consistent with previously reported risk factors for child behavior problems, and supports the need for a focus on early intervention and prevention strategies in the child mental health field.

关 键 词：学龄前 行为问题 气质 危险因素 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]