儿童功能性构音障碍错误辅音临床特征分析  

Clinical characteristics of consonant errors in functional articulation disorders

作　　者：刘晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科,400014

出　　处：《重庆医学》2012年第3期254-255,259,共3页Chongqing medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童功能性构音障碍患者错误辅音的临床特征,为制定语音矫正方案提供依据。方法儿童语音门诊4岁以上功能性构音障碍146例为患者组,4岁以下儿童110例为对照组。采用图片命名法进行语音评估,记录发音,并进行组间比较。结果患者组临床表现多样,包括替代(95.2%)、省略(19.2%)和歪曲(12.3%)。容易发错的辅音是:/zh/、/ch/、/n/、/sh/、/k/、/g/、/c/、/t/、/l/、/q/、/x/、/z/、/f/、/d/、/h/、/j/、/s/、/m/、/r/、/p/、/b/。错误类型,按发音部位分类,依次是舌尖前音化(52.1%)、舌尖中音化(35.6%)、舌根音化(10.3%);按发音方式分类,依次是:不送气化(10.3%)与送气化(0)、塞化(22.6%)、擦化(13%)与塞擦化(4.8%)。结论功能性构音障碍的辅音错误以替代为主。发音难度比较,按发音部位分类,舌尖后音、鼻音、舌根音、舌尖前音更难;按发音方式分类,送气音更难。舌尖前音化和舌尖中音化是最常见的错误发音部位,不送气化和塞音化是最常见的错误发音方式。语音矫正方案应强调年龄特征,使患儿明确发音部位和发音方式。Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of consonant errors in functional articulation disorders（FAD）. Methods 146 children with FAD older than 4 years were grouped to FAD group,and 110 children with articulation errors younger than 4 years were assigned to controlled group. Specific speech test was carried. The phonological samples were collected and analyzed. Results Substitution（95.2 % ）, omission（ 19.2% ） and distortion（12.3% ）were the mainly articulation errors in the children. Conso- nant sequence according to the error frequency by descending order was：/zh/,/ch/,/n/,/sh/,/k/,/g/,/c/,/t/,/1/,/q/,/x/, / z/,/f/,/d/,/h/,/j/,/s/,/m/,/r/,/p/,/b/. The error types classified by place of articulation were： pronounce as blade-alveolar （52.1%） ,as blade-alveolar（35.6%） ,as velars（10.3%） ;The error types classified by manner of articulation were：pronounce as unaspirated consonant（10. 3%）,as plosive（22. 6%）, fricatives（13%）and affricates（4. 8%）. Conclusion Substitution is the most mainly articulation errors in FAD children. It is much difficult to pronounce the blade-palatal, nasal, velars, blade-alveolars. It is much difficult to pronounce aspirated and plosive. It is essential to verify the children the place and manners of articulation to in speech therapy.

关 键 词：发音障碍 辅音 发音部位 发音方式 

分 类 号：R767[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]