水肥耦合效应对玉米产量及青贮品质的影响  

Coupling Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Yield and Silage Quality of Maize

作　　者：冯鹏[1,2] 王晓娜[1] 王清郦[1] 孙启忠[1] 赵淑芬 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [3]内蒙古林西县草原工作站,内蒙古林西025250

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第2期376-384,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD16B03;2006BAD04A04);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-35)

摘　　要：【目的】研究水肥耦合效应对青贮玉米产量、发酵品质、营养价值及灌溉水利用效率的影响,探讨肥料和灌溉水更有效的综合利用途径。【方法】以青贮专用型玉米中北410为试验材料,设水、氮二因素:氮肥(尿素)施用量分别设0、75、225和300 kg.hm-24个水平,灌水量分别设0、1 839.96、2 069.96和2 299.95 m3.hm-24个水平,测定各水肥处理组的田间产量,原料乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)、氨态氮(NH3-N)、缓冲能(BC)含量,原料和青贮料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(CA)、粗脂肪(EE)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)的含量。【结果】灌水2 069.96 m3.hm-2、施氮肥225 kg.hm-2处理组的玉米产量最高,达到87 229.87 kg.hm-2,产量增幅为36.67%;施氮肥225 kg.hm-2处理组(W0N2、W1N2、W2N2和W3N2)乳酸含量显著高于其各自同灌溉水平处理组(P<0.05),较不灌水不施肥处理组(control check,CK)提高11.96%、15.03%、12.58%和15.64%;青贮消耗了原料的可溶性碳水化合物,降低了原料的洗涤纤维含量,提高了青贮饲料的消化率。灌水2 069.96 m3.hm-2、氮肥的施用量为225 kg.hm-2处理组中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量最低,分别为53.61%DM和28.39%DM。【结论】在一定范围内,灌水利用效率随灌水量增加而增加。在节水灌溉的同时,施以合理的氮肥量,是干旱、半干旱地区提高产量及灌溉水利用效率的有效途径;灌水2 069.96 m3.hm-2,施氮肥225 kg.hm-2处理组的玉米产量和玉米青贮时的乳酸含量高,营养品质好,为理想的水肥组合。【Objective】 The objective of this study is to research on the effect of coupling between water and fertilizer on maize yield,fermentation quality,nutritional value and the water use efficiency.【Method】 Urea（0,75,225,300 kg·hm-2） and water（0,2 299.95,2 069.96,1 839.96 m3·hm-2） were all four levels.By measuring the yield and indicators of silage quality of maize,the effective utilization way of coupling between fertilizer and water were studied.Yields,lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,ammonia nitrogen,buffering capacity,dry matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,crude ash,ether extract,and water-soluble carbohydrates were determined.【Result】 The results showed that the yield when the irrigation water was at 2 069.96 m3·hm-2,fertilizer urea at 225 kg·hm-2 was the highest,as much as 87 229.87 kg·hm-2.The content of lactic acid of fertilizer urea at 225 kg·hm-2 treatments（W0N2,W1N2,W2N2,W3N2） was higher than others（P0.05）,and 11.96%,15.03%,12.58%,15.64% higher than CK,respectively.Silage consumed water soluble carbohydrates,reduced detergent fiber of raw,and improved digestibility,the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in treatment of irrigation water at 2 069.96 m3·hm-2 and fertilizer urea at 225 kg·hm-2 was the lowest,and DM was 53.61% and 28.39%,respectively.【Conclusion】 The water utilization efficiency was increasing with irrigation water volume.Application of urea can facilitate water use efficiency,especially in arid and semiarid region.So it is an effective way to increase yield and water use efficiency of maize.The yield and silage quality of the treatment of irrigation water 2 069.96 m3·hm-2 and fertilizer urea 225 kg·hm-2 were the best.

关 键 词：水肥耦合效应 玉米 灌溉水利用效率 乳酸 青贮品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S816.53