水葫芦沼液配合化肥施用对马铃薯生长及土壤硝态氮残留的影响  

Effect of biogas slurry of water hyacinth combined with chemical nitrogen fertilizers on growth and soil nitrate concentration of potato

作　　者：汪吉东[1] 张永春[1] 戚冰洁[1,2] 宁运旺[1] 许仙菊[1] 张辉[1] 马洪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2011年第6期1267-1272,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家支撑计划(2009BAC63B02);国际合作项目(IPNI-10);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(10)226]

摘　　要：为探明水葫芦沼液替代化肥氮的作用,该研究分析了田间等氮量条件下水葫芦沼液与化肥配施对马铃薯产量、养分吸收及土壤硝态氮残留及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与100%沼液或100%化肥处理相比,沼液配合化肥可显著提高马铃薯产量和单重,其中25%沼液、75%沼液比例配合化学氮肥处理的马铃薯产量显著高于其他处理,比100%化肥处理分别提高36.5%、35.1%;马铃薯商品率则以50%沼液配合化学氮肥处理的最高,100%化肥和75%沼液比例处理的次之;沼液和化肥配合施用能促进马铃薯对氮、磷养分的吸收,同时降低土壤硝态氮的残留,0～40 cm土层NO3-含量明显低于100%施化肥处理,且与不施肥对照没有差异;马铃薯种植的经济效益随沼液施用比例的上升而升高,沼液75%比例处理的利润最高,分别比100%化肥、100%沼液处理1 hm2增加5 685元、4 512元。综合马铃薯产量、商品率及土壤硝态氮残留和经济效益来看,等氮量条件下,75%沼液配合化肥是马铃薯种植最佳的施肥比例。Field experiment was conducted to explore the substitutional effects of different ratios of biogas slurry for chemical nitrogen fertilizers on yield,nutrient accumulation of potato and nitrate accumulation in different soil layers.The resultant economical effects was also analyzed.The results showed that biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizers could increase the yields and single head weights of the potato.The yields of potato treated with 25% and 75% substitution rates of slurry were dramatically higher that those in other treatments,and were increased by 36.5% and 35.1% respectively compared with that treated with chemical fertilizer exclusively.The commodity rate of potato treated with 50% biogas slurry and 50% chemical nitrogen was the highest,followed by 100% chemical fertilizer treatment and 75% nitrogen subsitued by slurry treatment.Biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizers promoted the absorption of N and P by potato while reduced the concentration of nitrate in 0-40 cm soil layer.The nitrate concentrations in the soils with biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers combinations were lower than that with exclusive chemical fertilizer treament.The economic benefits of potato growing rose with the biogas slurry substitution rates.The highest enomomic benefit was shown on potato with 75% slurry and 25% chemical nitrogen combination.Considering the yield and commodity rate of potato,soil nitrate concentration and economic benefits,75% substitution rates by the slurry for nitrogen fertilizer is optimum for potato growing.

关 键 词：水葫芦沼液 化肥 配合施用 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S142.5[农业科学—肥料学]