猕猴桃属美味猕猴桃和毛花猕猴桃种间杂交的胚胎学和胚援救  

EMBRYOLOGY AND EMBRYO RESCURE OF AN INTERSPECIFIC CROSS BETWEEN ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA CV.HAYWARD AND A.ERIANTHA

作　　者：母锡金[1] 王文玲[1] 蔡达荣[1] 安和祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1990年第6期425-431,共7页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家七五攻关资助项目

摘　　要：本文报道美味猕猴桃(Actintdia delictosa cv.Hayward)(6x)和毛花猕猴桃(A.eria-ntha)(2x)杂交当代种子的胚胎学分析和胚援救的结果:1.根据杂交种子外部形态和胚胎发育程度,区分为正常的和败育的两类,其比率接近1:1。正常种子的胚发育分化正常,且含有适量胚乳。败育种子中,除少数不含胚和胚乳外,绝大多数种子的胚发育终止于球形、心形和早子叶阶段,胚体畸形。胚乳处于消失或完全解体。2.在被试8组培养基中,最适合胚萌发和生长的是:MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+2ip2ppm+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm。适于实生苗生长的培养基为 MS+GA_30.5ppm 和 MS 培养基。在 MS+BAP2ppm 和 MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm 培养基上,一些正常种子和少数不正常种子胚的下胚轴直接形成了许多不定芽,从而诱导产生了更多的杂种植株。但是在MS十BAP2ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+BAP2ppm+IAA0.5ppm 和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm培养基上,虽然胚产生了愈伤组织,但都未分化出器官。杂种实生苗根尖细胞近半数的含有近4倍性染色体数(4x=116),约半数为其他倍性。The study deals with an investigation of embryo and endosperm development in seeds of interspecific hybridization betwwn Actinidia deliciosa cv.Hayward (6X) and A.eriantha (2X) and an attempt to hybrid embryo rescure.The average seed number per fruit of hybrid com- bination is 546—659,whereas that of the control is 900—1100 per fruit.The percentage of normal and abortive seeds in hybrid combination and in control is 53.93%,44.17% and 98.64%, 1.36% respectively.So the percentage of normal seeds in hybrid combination is significantly lower than that found in control. In hybrid fruit the normal seeds have normally developed embryo and appropriate amount of endosperm.In abortive seeds embryo development arrests at globular-shaped and later, heart-shaped and early cotyledon stages,and is almost malformed in size and morphology, while endosperm is dried,collapsed and later completely disappeared. Suitable culture media for in vitro embryo growth and subsequent growth of the seedlings are tested for hybrid embryos from normal and abortive seeds.The highest percentage of seed germination and the best growth of early seedlings are obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA_3;MS supplemented with 2 ppm of 2ip,0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA_3;MS supplemented with of 2ip and 0.5 ppm of GA_3.When these embryos,as seedlings,were transferred onto MS supplemented with 0.5 ppm of GA_3 and then MS without growth regulators,they readily develop into seedlings with normal lesves and roots.A lot of adventitious buds produced from hypocotyl of some normal and abortive em- bryos on MS supplemented with 2 ppm of BAP and Mst 0.5 ppm IAA+0.5 ppm GA_3 further grow into hybrid plantlets.Although various percentage of embryos developed from abortive seeds also germinate,but when inoculated onto media as mentioned in Table 1,a number of malformed seedlings form subsequently.The remaining embryos on all the media,however, show limited growth,and eventually either form callus or die.The nature of hybrid seedl

关 键 词：猕猴桃属 种间杂交 胚援救 胚胎学 

分 类 号：S663.903.2[农业科学—果树学]