论NCLB法案以来美国教育行政管理体制的改革趋势  

The Reform Trends of U.S.Education Administration System since the NCLB Act

作　　者：傅添[1] 

机构地区：[1]宾夕法尼亚州立大学教育学院,美国宾夕法尼亚16803

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2012年第2期106-112,共7页Studies in Foreign Education

摘　　要：随着对教育公平和教育质量的诉求不断深入,美国传统的基础教育管理体制近年来也不断重构,以适应教育改革的需要。如今,联邦已通过推进问责和评价机制以及增加教育拨款,主导了教育改革的方向与进程;各州通过建立和推行州内的问责体制、学术标准和评价体系,其教育决策权和管理权得到了极大扩张;学校获得了更多的灵活性和自主权来优化课程与教学;而学区却向辅助性、支援性的角色蜕变。由NCLB法案确立并广泛施行的问责和评价机制,是导致上述体制变革的直接原因。As the appeal for educational equity and educational quality goes deeper, the traditional education administration system in the USA has been reconstructed to satisfy the need of ongoing educational reform. At present, the federal level has dominated the direction and process of educational reform by setting up accountability and assessment systems and increasing educational funding. The states have undertaken the main responsibilities for educational decision making and administration by setting up intrastate accountability,academic standard and assessment systems. Schools received much more flexibilities and autonomies to optimize their curricula and instructions. But the school districts have had to switch themselves from dominant to auxiliary and supportive roles. The accountability and assessment systems widely founded by the NCLB Act could be regarded as the direct reason to cause the reform of U.S. education administration system.

关 键 词：美国 NCLB法案 教育行政管理体制 问责机制 评价机制 

分 类 号：G46[文化科学—教育学]