水库温室气体排放及其影响因素研究进展  

Research Progress on the Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Reservoir and Its Influence Factors

作　　者：程炳红[1] 郝庆菊[1,2] 江长胜 

机构地区：[1]西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市三峡库区农业面源污染控制工程技术研究中心,重庆400716

出　　处：《湿地科学》2012年第1期121-128,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40975095,40805050);西南大学生态学重点学科“211工程”三期建设项目资助

摘　　要：二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮是3种重要的温室气体。水库是这些温室气体的重要排放源,排放途径多样,而且排放受诸多因素影响,其温室气体的排放量在时间和空间上存在差异。水库消落区是连接水陆生态系统能流、物流的枢纽,是温室气体产生的重要场所。通过分析国内外水库温室气体排放相关领域的研究成果,阐述了水库消落区、水库沉积物中温室气体的产生和排放特点;总结分析了水库温室气体的4个主要排放途径:水面自由扩散、气泡排放、水轮机和溢洪道、大坝下游河流排放;从季节变化、水面风速、水体pH、水温、水体含氧量、水位变化、水体中氮元素和磷元素浓度、库龄等角度,深入探讨了水库温室气体排放的影响因素;提出了未来在水库温室气体研究中需要加强的几方面内容。Hydroelectric energy is widely accepted as a clean energy,with almost no impact on greenhouse effect compared to thermal energy production.However,many studies have found that reservoirs were significant emission sources of greenhouse gases.The flooding of forest,soils,rivers and lakes generated by the creation of reservoir modifies,which influence the greenhouse gases dynamics of that new environment.The water-level-fluctuating zone and sediment of the reservoir is the important junction of connecting the exchange of energy and matter,which may be the important areas of greenhouse gases production and releasing.There were many pathways in greenhouse gases emission and the greenhouse gases emission influenced by many factors,and also obviously appeared temporal and spatial differences among reservoirs.To quantify the greenhouse gases emissions from reservoirs,it is necessary to consider each emission pathways of greenhouse gases including diffusive flux,bubbling,degassing and river downstream.Published data from tropical reservoirs indicates that emission of greenhouse gases vary not only among reservoirs,but also within each reservoir,as a function of many aspects,including：season change,wind speed,water temperature,water level,water pH, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,the age of reservoir,and oxygen concentration.In this paper,we summarized and discussed the achievements associated with greenhouse gases emission so as to obtain more detail information about the emission of greenhouse gases from reservoirs.Finally,the current insufficient of research on greenhouse gases emission and expecting to provide the reference for the correlative research in future have been analyzed.

关 键 词：水库 温室气体 排放 影响因素 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]