自我面孔对空间注意的调控:来自Posner空间线索范式的证据(英文)  

Modulation of self-face for Visual Spatial Attention:Evidence from a Posner’s Cueing Paradigm

作　　者：刘明慧[1] 王凌云[1] 隋洁[1] 张明[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学心理学系,长春130024

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第1期24-29,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.(Project,30700229,30770717)

摘　　要：利用Posner的空间线索范式,三个实验旨在探寻自我面孔作为具有特殊性的刺激对空间注意的调控作用。在实验一中,自我或者熟悉的面孔作为内源性线索出现在视野中央,通过朝左或者朝右来提示目标将要出现的位置。实验一的结果发现,与熟悉的面孔相比较,自我面孔产生了更大的提示效应。这意味着当自我面孔与任务相关时,对提示位置的易化优于熟悉的面孔。与之相反的是,在实验二(面孔为小图)和实验三(面孔为大图)中,自我或熟悉的面孔与目标同时呈现,作为与任务无关的刺激呈现在目标出现的另一侧视野中。结果发现,自我面孔和熟悉的面孔同样捕获目标位置的空间注意。然而,研究并没有发现自我面孔与熟悉面孔在捕获注意上的差异。这一结果也许暗示着在注意捕获的过程中,面孔效应太大而因此掩盖了自我效应的出现。这些发现表明自我面孔之所以是具有特殊性的刺激不仅受感知过程的影响,还依赖于与任务的关系。This paper reported three experiments to explore the role of self-face as the salient stimulus in guiding visual attention, with a focuse on the roles of self-face in a Posner＇ s spatial cueing paradigm. In Experiment 1, self- or familiar-face foveally presented as an endoge- nous cue oriented right or left, cueing the location of a target in the right or left visual field. In Experimeot 2 （ small-size images） and 3 （large-size images） , a self-or familiar-face as task irrelevant stimulus was presented to the right or left visual field while a cued target flashed in the opposite field. The results showed that relative to familiar-face, self-face resulted in a larger cueing effect in Experiment 1, indicating the facilitation of self-face as task relavant stimulus. In contrast, in Experiment 2 and 3, the faces of self and familiar others equally captured visual attention from spatial locations of targets. However, it did not observe a self-face advantage compared with familiar face. The results may reflect that the face effect on attention capture is large enough to envelop the self effect to emerge. The findings indicate that the effect of self-face as salient stimulus on visual attention depends on its role in a given task rather than is exclusively subject to the perceptual processes.

关 键 词：自我面孔 空间线索范式 空间注意 提示效应 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学]