运动员咀嚼口香糖行为与竞赛焦虑的关系  

The Relationship Between Athletes’ Chewing Gum and Sport Competition Anxiety

作　　者：刘金婷[1] 陈曦[1] 施惟希[2] 沈锡远[2] 周晓林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第1期197-201,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：为考察运动员咀嚼口香糖行为与竞赛焦虑的关系,本研究采用《咀嚼口香糖与竞赛焦虑问卷CGSCA》与《运动竞赛焦虑测验SCAT》,调查了457名运动员。结果发现,SCAT表明,运动员在竞赛情景下普遍处于应激状态并容易体验到焦虑;CGSCA表明,竞赛咀嚼行为与竞赛焦虑存在显著正相关,竞赛焦虑高的个体拥有更多的竞赛咀嚼行为,并更多地采用咀嚼口香糖的方式来缓解竞赛焦虑。本研究表明,咀嚼口香糖可以缓解运动员的竞赛焦虑。Sport competition anxiety is one of the primary detrimental effects on athletes’ performances. There is ample empirical evidence showing that chewing gum alleviates physiological and psychological anxious response to acute or chronic stressors. However, it is unknown whether chewing gum reduces athletes’ anxiety during competition. To clarify the relationship between chewing gum and the sport competition anxiety in athletes, four hundred and fifty-seven athletes were recruited to complete the Sport Competition Anxiety Test （SCAT） and Chewing Gum and Sport Competition Anxiety Questionnaire （CGSCA）. Competition anxiety was measured with 15 items from SCAT developed by Martens and Schwenkmezger （1979）. The response scale for the items was 1 （rarely） to 3 （often）. Six items measuring CGSCA were developed for this study. Item 1 measured the frequency of chewing gum; Item 2 measured the subjective experience of chewing gum; Item 3 measured the reason for chewing gum; Item 4 measured the frequency of competition anxiety during 11 sports scenes, ranging from 1 （never） to 4 （always）; Item 5 measured whether athletes chewed gum during 11 sports scenes described in Item 4; and Item 6 measured the frequency of adopting the 16 ways to relieve anxiety, ranging from 1 （never） to 4 （always）. The mean of SCAT was 18.3±3.3, which was beyond the lowest anxiety （10）. Moreover, the scores of SCAT were correlated with the Item 4 of CGSCA, r = .507, p〈 .001. The results confirmed that all of athletes were anxious and stressful in sporting events. The result of Item 1 of CGSCA showed that almost half （44.4%） of the athletes chewed gum more than once a month in daily life. Further correlation analysis among the last 3 items of CGSCA demonstrated two significant correlations： one was between sporting competition anxiety （Item 4） and habits of chewing gum in sporting events （Item 5）, r = .142, p .01, and the other was between sporting competition anxiety （Item 4） and frequenc

关 键 词：运动心理学 竞赛焦虑 问卷研究 运动员 口香糖 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]