基于生长和死亡参数变化的官井洋大黄鱼资源现状分析  

Resources status analysis of large yellow croaker in Guanjinyang using von Bertalanffy growth equation and fishing mortality parameters

作　　者：叶金清[1,2] 徐兆礼[1] 陈佳杰[1] 康伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第2期238-246,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

摘　　要：依据2010—2011年福建官井洋水域渔业资源监测调查资料,对2 098尾大黄鱼的体长、体质量、生长、性腺进行测定。据此,利用von Bertalanffy生长方程和死亡参数分析官井洋大黄鱼资源现状,并讨论了拐点年龄,临界年龄等渔业生物学特征。结果表明,目前官井洋大黄鱼平均体长132.6 mm,优势体长组为110～150 mm,占55.96%;平均体质量45.1 g,优势体质量组为10～50 g,占61.77%,大黄鱼幼鱼和补充群体已成为渔业生产的主要捕捞对象。大黄鱼体长—体质量间的关系式为W=2.001×10-5L3.006。用ELEFAN技术拟合的von Bertalanffy生长方程参数分别为L∞=385.4 mm、k=0.43及t0=-0.32a,拐点年龄为2.2龄。对照20世纪80年代福建近海海域大黄鱼群体L∞值从555.4 mm下降到现在的385.4 mm,拐点年龄由2.97下降到2.2,均表明当今大黄鱼群体小型化且低龄化严重。生长系数k由0.36增长到0.43表明大黄鱼的生长速度加快。总死亡系数(Z)为3.12,自然死亡系数(M)为0.45,捕捞死亡系数(F)为2.67,资源开发率(E)为0.856。大黄鱼M值出现上升,可能与福建近海环境质量下降有关,而高强度的捕捞促使大黄鱼捕捞死亡系数由0.84上升到2.67,说明大黄鱼资源已经处于过度开发状态。在官井洋大黄鱼现行资源状态下,应努力降低捕捞死亡水平,保护大黄鱼生存环境,而对目前以小型化和低龄化为主的大黄鱼群体,建议以控制大黄鱼的开捕年龄(t0)为主。Based on the fishery resources monitoring data collected in Guanjingyang sea in Fujian from 2010 to 2011,the present study analyzed the biological characteristics（n=2 098）of large yellow croaker（Larimichthys crocea）,including body length and weight,growth and death,sex ratio,and sexual maturity.von Bertalanffy growth equation and parameters of mortality rate have been used to analyze the current resources status of large yellow croaker in Guanjingyang sea,meanwhile,biological characteristics（inflexion age and critical age,etc.）of fishery have been discussed.The results indicate that the average body length is 132.6 mm,with the group of predominant body length 110-150 mm,accounting for 55.96%;the average body weight is 45.1 g,with the group of dominant weight 10-50 g,accounting for 61.77%.The juvenile large yellow croaker and recruit population have been the main catch targets.The relationship between length and weight was expressed as：W=2.001×10-5L3.006.The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy formula estimated by ELEFAN were L∞=385.4 mm,k=0.43 and t0=-0.32a,respectively,and flexion age is 2.2 years.Compared with the data obtained about large yellow croaker in Fujian,value of L∞ has declined from 555.4 to the current 385.4,flexion age from 2.97 to 2.2,all these trends show that the group has been in serious status characterized with miniaturization and lower age.In addition,the growth coefficient shows an apparent increase from 0.36 to 0.43,which indicates a speed-up growth in large yellow croaker.Total death coefficient（Z）,natural death coefficient（M）and the coefficient of fishing death（F）are 3.12,0.45 and 2.67 respectively;the exploitation rate in recent years was 0.856.The increasing trend of M value may be related to the deterioration of marine environment in coastal areas of Fujian;and,due to the high-intensity catch of large yellow croaker,fishing death of such species is increasing sharply,from 0.84 to 2.67,which indicates that the stock of large yellow croaker has been over-

关 键 词：大黄鱼 死亡率 生长方程 渔业资源 官井洋 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]