棕囊藻的分类及系统进化研究进展  

Taxonomy and phylogenetics of the genus Phaeocystis: Research progress

作　　者：李亚男[1,2] 沈萍萍[1] 黄良民[1] 齐雨藻[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,广州510301 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]暨南大学赤潮与水环境研究中心,广州510632

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第3期745-754,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家基金青年项目(41006092);广东省自然科学基金(1015030101000002);中国科学院知识创新群体项目(KZCX2-YW-Q07);广东省科技计划项目(2009B030600004)资助

摘　　要：棕囊藻隶属于定鞭藻纲,具有独特的生理、生化及生态学特性,是全球广布的有害有毒赤潮藻类。它是少数具有复杂异型生活史的海洋微藻之一,存在有性生殖过程,具有单细胞和群体两种形态。单细胞又有大动孢子、小动孢子以及非鞭毛细胞几种类型。群体与单细胞之间的相互转化受营养盐、光照、固着基质、水体扰动等因素影响。由于其细胞微小,观察困难,传统的形态特征分类存在较多不足,导致其分类鉴定较为混乱。分子标记技术的应用极大地推动了棕囊藻分子分类及系统进化研究。目前用于棕囊藻分子研究的遗传标记主要有核基因和叶绿体基因。基于核糖体18S rDNA的系统进化研究推测棕囊藻可能是一种暖水起源的全球广布种。Phaeocystis jahnii和Phaeocystis cordata在棕囊藻属中分化较早,推测冷水种约6000万年前从暖水祖先中分化。中国目前共发现棕囊藻7个地理株,关于其种源、传播扩散机制等研究进程缓慢。本文就棕囊藻的生活史、分类、系统进化及中国棕囊藻的地理分布、传播与起源等进行综述,并对今后棕囊藻分类及系统进化研究提出展望。Phaeocystis （Haptophyceae） has its special characteristics in physiology, biochemistry, and ecology, and is recognized as a group of worldwide harmful and toxic algae. It has a heterogenic life history involving sexual reproduction between single cells and colonies. The single cells have three types, i.e., non-flagellate cell, macrozoospore, and microzoospore. The transformation between single cells and colonies is affected by nutrients, light, solid matrix, and water body disturbance, etc. The tiny body size and the polymorphic forms cause many flaws in the morphology-based taxonomy of Phaeocystis. The application of molecular marker technology promotes the classification and phylogenetics of Phaeocystis greatly. The molecular markers for Phaeocystis classification and phylogenetics mainly include both nuclear and chloroplast genes. The phylogeny based on 18S rDNA suggests that Phaeocystis originates as a warm-water species with a global distribution. P. jahnii and P. cordata are diverged at earlier time, and the cold-water species isolated from warm-water ancestors may be diverged sixty million years ago. A total of seven geographical strains of Phaeocystis in China coasts have been recorded, but the study progress of their origin and spreading is still slow. This paper reviewed the taxonomy, life history, and phylogeny of Phaeocystis, and its origin, distribution, and spreading pattern in China. The future study on the taxonomy and phylogenetics of Phaeocystis was prospected.

关 键 词：棕囊藻 生活史 分类 地理分布 系统进化 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学] Q941