祁连山石羊河上游山区土壤侵蚀的环境因子特征分析  

Environmental Factor Characteristics of Soil Erosion in the Upper Reaches of Shiyang River in the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：汤萃文[1,2] 张忠明[3] 肖笃宁[4] 杨国靖[5] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730070 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [5]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2012年第1期105-113,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201002);国家自然科学基金重大项目(90102004);甘肃省教育厅研究生导师计划项目(1104-07);兰州交通大学"青蓝"人才工程基金项目(QL-08-04A);兰州交通大学博士后专项基金;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN310)资助

摘　　要：在GIS技术支持下,运用通用水土流失方程USLE,对祁连山北坡东段的哈溪林区的土壤侵蚀量及空间分布进行了模拟运算,并定量分析了各种环境因子与土壤侵蚀之间的关系.结果显示:研究区平均土壤侵蚀模数为25.1t.hm-2.a-1,微度和轻度侵蚀面积占总面积的80%,而强度到剧烈侵蚀产生的侵蚀量占78.3%;各土地类型土壤侵蚀模数由高到低依次是裸地>草地>农田>灌丛>乔木林,裸地侵蚀量占到总侵蚀量的54.9%;乔木林和灌木林95%以上侵蚀面积属微度侵蚀区,农田中度到剧烈侵蚀的面积比例达到35.9%,高于草地和其他植被类型,而草地剧烈侵蚀面积比例高于农田.海拔高度范围与土壤流失量之间的关系与植被的海拔分布范围明显相关;土壤平均侵蚀模数随坡度的增加而增大,土壤侵蚀量主要分布在15°～45°的坡度范围,不同植被覆盖下土壤流失随坡度变化的趋势可在一定程度上反映该类植被对土壤流失的防止作用.The amount of soil erosion and its spatial distribution features in the Haxi forest area located in the eastern and north slopes of Qilian Mountains were simulated using GIS and USLE.In addition,the responses of soil erosion to natural environmental background were quantitatively analyzed.The study revealed that the annual average soil erosion modulus in the study area is 25.1 t·hm-2·a-1;the area of slight and minor erosion takes up 80 percent of the total erosion area.However,the 78.3% erosion amount comes from strong to severe erosion.According to annual average soil erosion modulus,the land types are ranked from high to low as follows： bare soilgrasslandfarmlandshrubberyhigh forest;the erosion amount of bare land accounts for 54.9% of the total.More than 95% of high forest and shrubbery area is light erosion area;in farmland the erosion intensive is visibly higher than that in grassland and other vegetation types.However,the area percentage of severe erosion of grassland is more than that of farmland.The relationship between amount of soil erosion and altitude has positive correlation with the altitude range of vegetation types.The average soil erosion modulus increases with gradients,and the erosion amount mainly yields from the slope range of 15°～45°.The changing tendency of erosion amount with slope for different vegetation types could indicate the preventing function of vegetation types in a certain extent.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 GIS USLE 植被条件 地形因子 哈溪林区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]