野生茄托鲁巴姆叶片提取物对园艺作物病原真菌的抑菌活性  

Antifungal Activity of the Crude Extracts of Solanum torvum Leaf Against Pathogenic Fungi of Horticultural Crops

作　　者：李云鹏[1] 尹玉玲[2] 赵宏[3] 邵红涛[1] 金娜[1] 吕军[1] 马淑梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [3]佳木斯大学化学与药学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第4期120-124,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目"野生茄托鲁巴姆叶片提取物的抑菌活性研究和利用"(11551357)

摘　　要：为了探讨野生茄托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum)叶片提取物(粗提物)用于防治园艺作物病害的可能性,分别采用生长速率法和悬滴法,研究托鲁巴姆叶片提取物对8种园艺作物病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的室内抑菌活性。结果表明,野生茄托鲁巴姆叶片提取物对供试病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发(大葱菌核病菌未测孢子萌发)均有一定的抑制作用。随着提取物浓度的提高,抑菌作用增强。当供试质量浓度为5g/L时,提取物对各供试菌种菌丝生长和孢子萌发均表现出一定的抑制作用(抑制率均高于8.8%);当供试质量浓度为40g/L时,提取物对各供试菌种菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制率均高于60%。同一浓度提取物对不同病原真菌的抑制作用强度差异较大。毒力分析表明,提取物对大葱菌核病菌和茄子黄萎病菌菌丝生长的EC50均低于10g/L,分别为5.7577、7.6089g/L。总体看,提取物对茄子黄萎病菌和辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用均较强,对大葱菌核病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果尤为突出。托鲁巴姆叶片提取物对几种园艺作物病原真菌具有较好的抑制效果,具有作为植物源杀菌剂进一步研究和开发的价值。In order to study possibility of Solanum torvum leaf against pathogenic fungi of horticultural crops as plant germicide, the crude extracts of wild eggplant Solanum torvum leaf were bioassayed. Use growth-rate and pendant-drop methods separately, to study antifungal activity of Solanum torvum leaf crude extracts on eight species fungal pathogens of horticultural crops mycelium growth and spore germination. The results showed that the Solanum torvum Ieaf crude extracts demonstrated significant antifungal activity; don＇ t determine spore germination Colletotrichum capsiei. With extract concentration increased, bacteriostasic activity was enhanced. While tested at the concentration of 5 g/L, the growth and spore germination of all tested fungal extracts showed a certain degree of inhibition on mycelium pathogens, inhibition ratio both exceed 8.8%; while tested at concentration of 40 g/L, the inhibitory rate was at least 60%. The same concentration extract had different inhibitory action on different disease fungus. Virulence analysis results showed, extracts＇ EC50 on myceliumgrowth of Colletotrichum eapsici and Verticillium dahliae both under 10 g/L, Uaelr were 5.7577g/L and 7.6089 g/L respectively. On the whole, extract had more powerful inhibitory action on Vertieillium dahliae and Colletotriehum eapsici mycelium growth and spore germination, especially extract had more powerful inhihitory action on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelium growth. The extracts of Solanum torvum leaf had more powerful inhibitory action on several kinds of pathogenic fungi of horticultural crops, as plant germicide, extracts of Solanum torvum leaf had further study and develop value.

关 键 词：托鲁巴姆 叶片 提取物 抑菌活性 园艺作物 

分 类 号：S482.292[农业科学—农药学]