滇池湖盆区露地蔬菜种植方式对农田水土流失的影响  

Effect of Different Planting Methods on Runoff in Outdoor Vegetable Field of Dianchi Lake's Catchment

作　　者：张小溪[1] 张国盛[1] 胡学柏[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学环境科学与生态修复研究所,昆明650091

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期18-22,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水专项湖泊主题滇池项目面源污染控制课题(2009ZX07102-004-4)

摘　　要：研究露地蔬菜覆膜垄沟种植体系中2种不同的种植方式(膜上、膜侧)对滇池面山台梯地农田表层土壤结构稳定性及农田产流的影响。结果表明:与膜上种植方式比较,膜侧种植方式对种植行0-5cm土层的容重、孔隙分布及>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量均无明显影响。在5-10cm土层,虽然膜侧种植方式下的总孔隙度及>60μm孔隙度显著低于膜上种植方式的,但是2种种植方式下5-10cm土层>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量间的差异不显著。这表明膜侧种植方式不会明显降低表层土壤的结构稳定性。与膜上种植方式比较,膜侧种植方式下农田的径流深度和输沙量减少57%和65%,单位面积农田中随径流输出的TN、TP、COD总量减少49%,64%,72%,表明膜侧种植方式能显著降低台梯地农田的产流量、输沙量和污染物输出量。研究还发现农田污染负荷(TN、TP、COD)输出主要以径流中的泥沙流失为主,约占输出总量的80%以上。相关分析表明,滇池湖盆区台梯地农田产流量与降水量、降水强度间均无显著相关关系,径流中泥沙含量和降水强度、径流量间存在显著的正相关关系。The effects of planting types （ridge planting and furrow planting） on runoff, sediment and surface soil structure stability were determined in vegetable field with polyethylene mulch and ridge-furrow system of contour terrace in the Dianchi lake＇s catchment. The results showed that there were no significants difference of bulk density, pores distribution and water stable macro-aggregates （〉0.25 mm） content between furrow planting type （FP） and ridge planting type （RP） in 0--5 em soil layer after vegetable harvesting. Although total porosity and 〉60 9m porosity were significantly higher under RP than that under FP in 5-10 cm layer, there was no significant difference of water stable macro-aggregates （〉0.25 mm） content between RP and FP. This suggested that furrow planting may not reduce surface soil stability in this polyethylene mulch and ridge-furrow system. The runoff and sediment were decreased 57 % and 65 % in furrow planting field respec- tively when compared with ridge planting field. The output of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD un- der FP field was decreased 49%, 64% and 72% than that under RP field, respectively. This implied that fur- row planting could apparently reduced off-site pollutants output. It was found that more than 80 % pollutants were transported as the soil particles which suspended in runoff. The results of correlative analysis showed that sediment was significantly correlated with rainfall intensity and amount of runoff.

关 键 词：种植方式 露地蔬菜 农田 水土流失 滇池 湖盆 土壤结构稳定性 水稳性团聚体 

分 类 号：S157.432[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]