含能材料中间体硝仿的研究进展  

Progress of nitroform(NF),an important intermediate in the preparation of energetic materials

作　　者：毕福强[1] 王伯周[1] 许诚[1] 樊学忠[1] 葛忠学[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《化学试剂》2012年第3期219-223,260,共6页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：国家"973"项目子专题资助项目(613740102)

摘　　要：硝仿是一种重要的含能材料中间体,用于合成硝仿系炸药及硝仿盐类高能氧化剂。详细介绍了国内外在硝仿的制备和分离方面的研究进展情况。其中制备方法主要介绍了乙炔硝化法、四硝基甲烷法、丙酮硝化法、异丙醇硝化法、嘧啶-4,6-二酮衍生物硝化-水解法。分离方法主要介绍了二次恒沸蒸馏法、萃取法、盐析法、萃取-蒸馏结合法。同时分析了各种方法的优劣。Nitroform（NF） is an important intermediate in the preparation of energetic materials such as explosives of trinitromethane deriratives and oxidizers based onsalts of NF.The preparation methods of NF including nitration of acetylene,reduction from tetranitromethane,nitration of acetone,nitration of isopropanol,nitration-hydrolysis of Pyrimidine-4,6-dione derivatives and the separation methods of NF including twice azeotropic distillation,extraction,salting-out,combination of extraction and distillation were reviewed in detail.The advantages for these methods were also discussed.

关 键 词：有机化学 硝仿 三硝基甲烷 综述 研究进展 

分 类 号：O643.23[理学—物理化学]