儿童完全信息最后通牒博弈决策的发展  

The Development of Ultimatum Game Decision-Making with Complete Information in Children

作　　者：陈璟[1] 孙昕怡[2] 李红[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学教育科学学院,成都610068 [2]西南大学心理学院,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2012年第2期104-114,共11页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770727);四川师范大学科研基金重点项目(10ZDW02)的资助

摘　　要：考查了200名4-12岁儿童及40名成人完全信息最后通牒博弈决策的发展趋势与特点,并对情绪在最后通牒博弈决策中的作用做了初步探索。结果表明:(1)完全信息最后通牒任务中,作为分配者时4-6岁儿童更多提出小于半数的要约,而9-12岁儿童和成人则更多地提出平等分配的要约。作为应答者时儿童和成人均接受大部分要约。(2)公平策略和权宜策略是儿童与成人分配者采取的主要策略,而儿童与成人应答者则主要采用权宜策略。(3)基于满意与否的情绪体验是儿童应答者是否行使否决权的直接动力。Developmental tendency and characters of Ultimatum game decision making with complete information were examined among 4-12 years old children and 40 adults, and the role of emotion during Ultimatum decision making was explored primarily. The results showed that in the Ultimatum task with complete information, as an proposer, 4 to 6 years old children made offers less than half, but 9 to 12 years old children and adults made offers equal to half. As a responder, children and adults accepted almost every offer. The fairness strategy and the expediency strategy were primary strategies used by children and adults when they acted as proposers, but the expediency strategy was the primary strategy used by them when they acted as responders. Emotional experience based on the satisfaction or dissatisfaction was a direct motivity whether the responses of children respondents exercise the veto.

关 键 词：儿童 完全信息 最后通牒 博弈决策 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]