先秦誓盟语“有如N”解——兼议“有”的助动词用法  

Explanation of Youru N(有如N) in Pre-Qin Oath—Also Discussion On the Usage of You(有)as an Auxiliary Verb

作　　者：潘玉坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心,上海200241

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2012年第1期35-41,95-96,共7页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"出土古文献语料库建设研究"(10&ZD11);教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目"基于语料库的先秦两汉出土文献句法发展研究"(06JJD740011);上海重点学科建设项目(B403)

摘　　要：先秦誓盟语"有如河""有如日"之类,既是给予对方的信心保证,也是誓盟者的自厉自儆,意为:(如不践誓守盟)愿意承受神明所降祸罚。其中,"如"是动词,从随义,"有"是助动词,表意愿。"有如此盟"的"有如"也应如此解释。"有"作助动词虽不多见,但确实存在。"有如召公""有如卫君"则不属誓盟语,其中"有"表存在,"如"表举例。Pre-Qin oath youruhe youruri(有如河 有如日) and so on is used to give confidence of assurance to each other,and also self-encouragement,meaning:(if not practice the pledge or keep the oath)(they)are willing to withstand the gods for evil & punishment.And in these oaths,you(如) is a verb,which means 'to follow',while you(有) is an auxiliary verb,which means wishes.youru(有如) in yourucimeng(有如此盟) has the same explanation as that.In our literature,you(有) is rarely used as an auxiliary verb.yourushaogong(有如召公) and youruweijun(有如卫君) are not oaths,as in which you(有) indicates the meaning of exists,you(如)expresses the meaning of showing examples.

关 键 词：誓辞 盟辞 有如 有 助动词 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]