决策者角色及相关变量对风险偏好的影响  

The Effects of Decision Makers' Roles and Related Variables on Risk Preferences

作　　者：段婧[1] 刘永芳[1] 何琪[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [2]上海行政学院,上海200233

出　　处：《心理学报》2012年第3期369-376,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"资助项目;国家社会科学基金一般项目(07BSH053)成果

摘　　要：采用IAT技术测查被试的内隐自尊,并引入收益和损失两种任务框架,综合探讨了内隐自尊水平、任务得失框架对自我决策和为他人决策时风险偏好的影响。结果发现:(1)在收益框架下,被试为他人决策时更冒险,而在损失框架下,为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异;(2)与为自我决策相比,低内隐自尊者为他人决策时更冒险,而高内隐自尊者为自我和他人决策的风险偏好无显著差异;(3)内隐自尊水平与任务框架的交互作用及内隐自尊水平、任务框架和决策者角色之间的三级交互作用均不显著。依据相关的理论和发现对这种结果进行了分析和讨论。Many studies have examined the self-other decision making bias, but few have considered the role of self-esteem in the bias. Conversely, many studies have examined how self-esteem affects risk preference, but almost none have considered the impact of the decision maker＇s role. In addition, these studies made few allowances for the gain and loss frameworks of decision tasks. In this study, the complex relationships among decision makers＇ roles, self-esteem, and the frameworks of decision tasks are explored. 111 undergraduate subjects with high or low self-esteem were asked to either make decisions for themselves or make decisions for others on a risk preference questionnaire involving twelve items under gain or loss task frameworks. Implicit self-esteem levels were tested with IAT technology. The results of the experiment show that （1） Subjects were more willing to take risks when making decisions for others than when making decisions for themselves in the gain framework but not in the loss framework; （2） Subjects were more willing to take risks when making decisions for others than when making decisions for themselves if they had low implicit self-esteem but not if they had high implicit self-esteem; （3） There was no significant interaction between task framework and level of implicit self-esteem, and no significant interaction among task framework, level of implicit self-esteem, and decision maker＇s role. These results support the general findings from Hsee Weber （1997）; Liu, Chen, Lu, and Wang （2010）; and Xu and Xie （2011）, but they are inconsistent with the findings from Wallach and Wing （1968）; Stone, Yates, and Caruthers （2002）; and Guo et al. （2010）. The complicated interactions among task framework, level of implicit self-esteem, and decision maker＇s role are discussed based on the relevant findings.

关 键 词：内隐自尊 任务框架 决策者角色 风险偏好 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学]