微生物菌剂对菠菜生长特性及土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effect of microbial inoculants on spinach growth characteristics and soil microbial diversity

作　　者：雷先德[1,2] 李金文[1] 徐秀玲[1,2] 张翰林[1,2] 曹林奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [2]农业部都市农业(南方)开放重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第4期488-494,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：上海市科委科技攻关项目(09391910500);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903056)资助

摘　　要：通过化肥减量20%和40%并配施微生物菌剂试验,研究菌剂对菠菜营养生长的影响,并通过提取土壤微生物总DNA,进行16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE研究微生物多样性。结果表明：在菠菜生长后期,配施菌剂处理的叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和叶绿素荧光参数（Fv/Fm）较高,其中,T5（化肥减量40%＋菌剂减量40%）处理SPAD为52.856,T3（化肥减量20%＋菌剂减量40%）处理Fv/Fm为0.797,而在生长前期则表现为T1（全量化肥）处理较高;菠菜可食部分硝酸盐含量以对照（CK,不施肥）处理最高,为1 009.21 mg.kg^-1,添加微生物菌剂处理（T2-T5）都明显少于CK和T1处理;对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用率以T2（化肥减量20%＋全量菌剂）处理最好;菠菜产量化肥减量处理（T2-T5）较T1处理均增产,T4（化肥减量40%＋全量菌剂）处理的增产量最大,平均产量达到277.73 g.盆^-1,增加170%;常规化肥（T1）处理的土壤微生物丰富度指数最低,香农-威尔指数（Shannon-Wierner index）为0.398,较CK 0.498有所下降,而施用微生物菌剂的各处理（T2-T5）为0.547-0.983,土壤微生物多样性指数明显提高。微生物菌剂对菠菜起到显著促生作用,以T4处理最好,对提高菠菜土壤微生物多样性方面以T3处理最好。The Huangpu River（which is the source of drinking water） has been highly contaminated in recent years by fertilizer-rich agricultural drainage from extensive fertilizer uses in vegetable farms for high yields in the suburbs of Shanghai.A fertilizer-use reduction experiment,with 20%-40%（T1-T5） reduction in chemical fertilizer use in combination with a newly composed mixture of two lad-developed microbial inoculant strains,was used to analyze spinach growth characteristics and soil microbial population in cultivated lands of Shanghai suburbs.The microbial DNA was extracted using the specific primer GC clamp to amplify PCR and ran a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）.The aim of the experiments was to investigate the characteristics of spinach and soil microbial environment under reduced fertilizer use,augmented with patent microbial agents.The results showed that reduced fertilization was conducive for improving the chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of spinach.Compared with T1（100% chemical fertilizer） treatment,the combined treatments of reduced chemical fertilizer and inoculants presented higher chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of spinach at the later growth stage but lower at latter stages.SPAD under T5（40% reduced fertilizer with 60% inoculant） treatment,and Fv/Fm under T3（20% reduced fertilizer and 60% inoculant） treatment were 52.856 and 0.797 respectively.The results showed that the nitrate content of the edible parts of spinach was highest under CK（without fertilizer） treatment,while those of treatments with inoculants were obviously reduced.The absorption and use efficiency of N,P and K were highest under T2（20% reduced fertilizer with 100% inoculant） treatment.Spinach yield was increased under combined treatments of reduced fertilizer and inoculant.Spinach yield under T4（40% reduced fertilizer with 100% inoculant） treatment was the highest,which was approximately 227.73 g·pot 1.Compared with the control（CK）,yield under T4 trea

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 菠菜特性 PCR-DGGE 16S RDNA 微生物多样性 化肥减量 产量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]