从“可普遍化”到功利主义——论黑尔规范伦理学理论的逻辑基础  

From "Universalization" to Utilitarianism——On the Logical Foundation of Hare's Normative Ethics

作　　者：贾佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第2期43-49,共7页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目(08BZX058)

摘　　要：R.M.黑尔认为,通过对道德概念的语言学研究和逻辑分析,他的普遍规定主义元伦理学能够为功利主义道德规范的合法性论证提供形式化的逻辑基础。但是,由于他无法弥补普遍规定主义与功利主义思维方式之间的两道鸿沟,且偏好的积聚性计算这一方式本身又缺乏逻辑根基,因此他提出的偏好功利主义只能说是一种实质性的道德规划。至于能否通过道德语言的逻辑来化解道德分歧,黑尔的论证无法提供肯定的回答,但至少他指明了一种元伦理学与规范伦理学相结合的伦理学发展方向。R.M.Hare′s believed that,based on linguistic study and logical analysis of moral concepts,his universal prescriptivism was capable to provide formal logical foundation for the validity of utilitarian normative ethics.Because of his inability to fill up the gaps of method thinking between universal prescriptivist and utilitarian,and the lack of logical basis of aggregative calculation of preferences,his Preference utilitarianism was no more than a practical moral plan.Whether one can settle moral conflicts with the logic of moral language,Hare′s answer to this question was inconclusive.But at least,he indicated a new direction of ethics with the combination of metaethics and normative ethics.

关 键 词：可普遍化 普遍规定主义 功利主义 

分 类 号：B82-064[哲学宗教—伦理学]