施氮水平对小麦-玉米轮作体系氨挥发与氧化亚氮排放的影响  

Effects of N Fertilization Rates on the NH_3 Volatilization and N_2O Emissions from the Wheat-Maize Rotation System in North China Plain

作　　者：马银丽[1] 吉艳芝[1] 李鑫 张琳[1] 巨晓棠[3] 张丽娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]辉得昌远东有限公司,北京100098 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第2期225-230,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571110);农业部公益性行业计划项目(201103003)

摘　　要：试验采用密闭室间歇通气法研究华北平原冬小麦（Triticum aestivum Linneaus）-夏玉米（Zea mays Linneaus）轮作体系在不同施氮水平下农田氨挥发和N2O排放。结果表明：冬小麦季和夏玉米季的氨挥发速率与N2O排放通量呈现出季节性动态变化,且随着施氮量的增加而增加,均在施肥后第2~3天出现峰值。玉米季氨挥发量和N2O排放量均高于小麦季,分别占整个轮作周期气态损失的53.5%~68.9%和54.7%~82.3%。轮作体系中氨挥发净损失量（以N计）为4.28~31.31 kg.hm-2,占施氮量的3.17%~5.80%;N2O净排放损失量（以N计）为50.95~1051.03 g.hm-2,占施氮量的比例为0.04%~0.23%。因此,施氮量是影响冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系气态损失重要因素,且夏玉米季是控制控制气态损失的关键时期。This experiment studied the ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions from the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China Plain using continuous air flow enclosure method.The results showed that the ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions varied seasonally,increased with N fertilization rate,and the peak emission appeared 1-3 days after fertilization.Higher ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions from maize season than those from wheat were found,which contributed to 53.5%-68.9% and 54.7%-82.3% of the total losses,respectively.In the wheat-maize rotation system,the net loss of ammonia volatilization were 4.28-31.31 kg N.hm-2,accounting for 3.17%-5.80% of the N fertilization rate respectively;Meanwhile,the net N2O emissions were 50.95-1051.03 g N.hm-2,accounting for 0.04%-0.23 % of the N fertilization rate.Consequently,the major factor influencing gaseous loss in wheat-maize rotation system was the N fertilization rate,and the key period to control gaseous losses was summer maize season.

关 键 词：施氮水平 小麦-玉米轮作体系 氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]