试论近代俄国穆斯林的扎吉德运动  

The Muslim's Jadidism Movement in Modern Russia

作　　者：张来仪[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,教授广州510631

出　　处：《世界历史》2012年第2期33-43,157,共11页World History

基　　金：国家教育部社科基金规划项目"俄国泛突厥主义研究"(批准号:08JA770012)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：面对穆斯林与西方及俄罗斯族在教育方面的巨大差距,加斯普林斯基于19世纪80年代发起了一场波澜壮阔的扎吉德运动,从语音方式、学习制度、教学方法、课程内容和设置、教材选取和编写等方面对传统伊斯兰教育进行大刀阔斧的改革。扎吉德改革促进了俄国穆斯林教育由宗教教育向世俗化方向发展,使之提升到了近代教育的水平。以"新方式学校"为开端的扎吉德革新运动后来逐渐扩展为包罗万象的社会文化和宗教改革的社会运动,为长期处于自我封闭状态的穆斯林搭建了一座与世界沟通的桥梁。Facing the drastic disparity between Muslims and the West as well as Russians in education,Ismail Bey Gasprinskii launched the magnificent Jadidism Movement in the 1880s,aiming at reforming traditional Islamic education,covering various aspects such as phonetic styles,learning systems,teaching methods,programs of studies and curriculums,and the selection and edition of teaching materials.The Jadidism Reform accelerated the development of Russian Muslim education from religious education toward secular education,lifting it to modern educational level.The Jadidism Reform Movement starting from 'New Style School' was gradually developed into a comprehensive movement of social culture and religious reform,and thus built a bridge for Muslims who were self-isolated for ages to step out of the Middle Ages and march onto the modern world.

关 键 词：扎吉德 加斯普林斯基 俄国穆斯林 教育改革 

分 类 号：K512.4[历史地理—历史学]