间作模式下四种扁桃树形结构间差异及对小麦生长的影响  

The Difference among the Four Almond Tree Shapes and Its Influence on Wheat in the Intercropping Pattern

作　　者：张雯[1] 徐叶挺[1] 杨波[1] 杨磊[1] 龚鹏[1] 谢辉[1] 卢春生[1] 张平[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第3期430-439,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费"南疆地区粮食;棉花和果树间作技术模式研究"(201003043);国家科技支撑计划"粮棉果绿色高效种植关键技术研究与示范"(2009BADA4B01)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对扁桃四种不同栽培树形的光合、冠层、微环境等指标及其对应间作区域光照和小麦生长情况的测定研究,旨在为南疆扁桃-小麦间作体系中,扁桃适宜树形的选择提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以10年生晚丰品种为试材,设主干分层形、纺锤形、高干圆头形和开心形四个处理,研究四个树形间的差异,调查间作区域光照分布和小麦生长情况。【结果】纺锤形处理单株负载量略低于主干分层形为1 184个/株,由于树冠体积小,单位投影面积负载量最高,达到94.8个/m2,是主干分层形的2.06倍;树冠内部光照情况优于其他三个处理,达到自然条件的31%;对间作区域遮阴影响程度较轻,且持续时间短,其整体和两侧近冠区域全天光照强度分别为自然条件的40.89%和34.57%。【结论】扁桃纺锤形树形负载量大,对间作区域影响小,适合应用于果粮间作立体复合种植体系中。【Objective】 The purpose of this project was to provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable almond shape in almond-wheat intercropping systems through the research of four different almond tree cultivation shapes＇ canopy,photosynthetic rate and micro environment indicators,and the effect on lighting distribution and growth behaviors of intercropping wheat.【Method】 Ten years-old Wanfeng-almond trees were used as testing materials,and four structure treatments such as trunk-delaminating shape,open-center shape,spindle shape and high-stem round capitiform were set to study the difference among those four tree shapes and survey lighting distribution and wheat growth condition.【Result】The load of per spindle shape tree was 1,184 per plants,which was lower than trunk-delaminating treatment.Due to small canopy volume of spindle shape,the load of unite projection plane was the highest,reaching 94.8 per m2,and it was 2.06 times of trunk-delaminating treatment.The spindle shape tree＇s inner crown lighting distribution condition was better than other three treatments,reaching 31% of nature condition.Effect of spindle shape treatment on overshadow of intercropping area was lower,and stained lightly.The light intensity of overall intercropping area and at the both sides of the near crown areas was respectively 40.89% and 34.57% of nature condition.【Conclusion】 The preliminarily research showed that the spindle tree had high yield and lower influence on intercrop-ping area,and it is suitable for the tridimensional composite planting system.

关 键 词：扁桃 小麦 间作 树形 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学] S344.2[农业科学—园艺学]