刚性护栏及半刚性护栏与车辆碰撞的安全性模拟分析  

Simulation analysis of safety performance of vehicle in collision with rigid guardrail and semi-rigid guardrail

作　　者：赵永利[1] 柳天振[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学交通学院,南京210096

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期369-373,共5页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：河南省交通厅资助项目(8521000388)

摘　　要：为了明确刚性护栏与半刚性护栏的安全性能及适用性,基于动态显示有限元法建立了车辆碰撞护栏模型,对我国高速公路常用的刚性护栏和半刚性护栏的安全性进行了模拟分析,计算了不同质量的车辆与护栏碰撞时的护栏变形、车辆质心加速度及车辆轨迹.模拟结果表明,刚性护栏具有抗冲击性强的优势,但驾乘人员所承受的冲击力较大,且车辆导向性较差;半刚性护栏具有较好的车辆导向性,对驾乘人员也有一定的保护作用,但抗大型车辆的冲击性能较差.建议在选择护栏时,应当根据这2种护栏各自的优缺点,结合路段的地形、交通组成情况进行选用.此外,为了提高护栏的安全性能,需增加半刚性护栏的波形板厚度,而对于刚性护栏,需要在其表面上安装一层弹性材料.In order to ascertain the safety performance and applicability of rigid barrier guardrail and semi-rigid guardrail, a model of the vehicle in collision with guardrails is established based on the dynamic explicit finite element method. The safety performance of the rigid guardrail and the semi- rigid guardrail commonly used on the highway in China is simulated. The guardrail deformation, thevehicle acceleration and the vehicle trajectory when the vehicle with different mass collide with the guardrails are analyzed. The simulation results show that the rigid guardrail has the advantage ofstrong impact resistance, but the occupants suffers a large impact and the car orientation is poor. In contrast, the semi-rigid guardrail can better guide the car to the normal traffic lane and the occupant safety can be better ensured, but the performance of resisting large vehicles is poorer. It is proposedthat in selection of the guardrail the advantages and disadvantages of these two kinds of guardrails should be considered with the sections of the terrain and the traffic composition. In addition, to im- prove the safety performance, the wave-plate thickness of the semi-rigid guardrail should be in-creased, and for the rigid guardrail, a layer of elastic material should be installed on the surface.

关 键 词：刚性护栏 半刚性护栏 仿真 碰撞 安全性 

分 类 号：U416[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]