注视-西蒙效应的空间编码机制  

The Spatial Coding Mechanisms of the Gaze-Direction Simon Effect

作　　者：赵亚军[1] 张智君[1] 刘炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第2期304-308,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(Y207527);教育部社科基金一般项目(11YJA190025)的资助

摘　　要：采用注视-西蒙范式探讨了注视方向知觉的空间编码机制。实验一让被试采用双手交叉的反应方式,发现注视-西蒙效应并不随反应手的交叉而反转,说明它涉及抽象的空间方向编码,而非基于以手为参照系的半侧优势效应。实验二采用纯音音调辨别任务,发现了典型的注视-西蒙效应,结合实验一视觉通道的结果,注视-西蒙效应并非特异于视觉通道。结果支持注视线索能自动诱发观察者形成抽象的方向表征的观点。As the gaze-direction Simon effect （ gaze Simon effect, GSE） shows, although completely irrelevant to the task, the direction of the gaze has an influence on reaction times in a two-choice spatial discrimination task based on the color of eyes. In fact, there were controversies on this topic. Many researchers tried to interpret the processing mechanism of GSE. Zorzi et al. （2003） assumed that a spatial code of perceived gaze direction was fast and automatically extracted in order to influence RT in the color discrimination task. However, numerous studies showed that observing averted gaze could also elicited spontaneous saccades in the direction of the gaze cue. Ricciardelli et al. （2002） claimed that perception of the gaze direction might act as a powerful trigger for involuntary imitation. Moreo- ver, Frischen et al. （2007） held that observing others＇ gaze shifts evoked a similar motor program （saccade preparation） in the observer. Such simulated or ＂mirrored＂ activation of motor programs by the mere observation of actions could explain the gaze cueing effect. In other words, observing gaze evokes a tendency to execute saccades in the corresponding direction, imitating the observed behavior. Thus, it remains unclear whether an abstract spatial coding is necessary for GSE. Two experiments were performed to investigate the spatial coding mechanisms of the gaze Simon effect. In the first experiment, twelve subjects were presented with a gaze cue to the central visual field, and were asked to perform a color judgment Simon task with their hands crossed. In the second experiment, another twelve subjects were presented with a gaze cue and a pure tone and were instructed to discriminate the pure tone （ high or low）. In both experiments, there were three conditions ： （ 1 ） in the gaze-direction corresponding condition, the gaze direction and the response side corresponded （i. e. , both were left or both were right） ; （2） in the gazedirection non-corresponding condition, the

关 键 词：联合注意 西蒙效应 注视-西蒙效应 空间编码 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]