生态系统服务研究的几个基本问题  

Some Basic Issues in Ecosystem Services Research

作　　者：张永民[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学资源与环境科学系,郑州450002

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第4期725-733,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目:"流域管理法研究:以生态系统管理为中心的法理创新与制度构建"(编号:09CFX040)

摘　　要：生态系统服务是联系生态系统与人类福祉的重要纽带。通过对生态系统服务的定义与分类,生态系统服务的主要特征,生态系统服务的供给、需求与消费,以及生态系统服务的价值与评估这4个基本问题进行论述,得出了以下几点结论:①生态系统服务是以生态系统对人们的收益而定的,学术界对它的认知并不完全一致。因此,在使用生态系统服务这一概念的时候,应当根据具体目的给出明确的定义及内涵;②生态系统服务具有复杂性、尺度特征、公私物品特征和收益依赖性等重要特征。结合案例深入分析生态系统服务的这些特征,对于生态系统服务的测定、模拟、价值评估及管理决策至关重要;③生态系统服务的供给、需求与消费是联系生态系统与人类福祉的3个不可或缺的重要环节,它们事关生态保育和社会公平等重大问题,为了制订科学的生态系统管理决策,应当对这3个环节开展综合研究;④生态系统服务的价值主要包括效用价值、生态价值、社会文化价值和内在价值,它们都是制订生态系统管理决策所不可缺少的重要信息,而且彼此之间具有相互补充与制衡的作用。因此,生态系统服务的价值评估应当构建和使用多准则的综合价值评估体系。＂Ecosystem services＂refer to the goods and services that the ecosystem provides for us. They include food, water, air, minerals, raw materials and the processes that purify air and water as well as sequester or break down wastes. Ecosystem services link the functioning of ecosystem to human well-being. Ecosystem services research has become more and more important with the progress of science technology and the increasing degradation of environment over the past decade. Some basic issues in ecosystem services research, including the definition and classification, main characteristics, the supply, demand and use, and the valuation of ecosystem services were explored in this paper. The results indicate that： 1） The term＂ecosystem service＂has been defined differently in literatures. The academic circle has different understandings about ecosystem services since they are defined in terms of their benefits to people. Therefore, a clear definition and implication relevant to the specific context should be presented in ecosystem services research; 2） Ecosystem services are the sources of human well-being. Ecosystem services have several key characteristics such as complexity, scale features, public-private goods aspect and benefit dependence, which are very important for the measuring, simulating, valuing and managing of the services; 3） The supply, demand and consumption of ecosystem services are three key points that link ecosystems and human well-being. They are of great importance to both ecological conservation and social equity. Integrated study on those three points must be carried out to form sound ecosystem management decisions; 4） The value of ecosystem services is viewed and expressed differently by different disciplines, cultural concepts, philosophical views and schools of thought. It mainly includes utilitarian value, ecological value, socio-cultural value and intrinsic value. And integration of the spatial dimension of ecosystem services in local decision-making would increase the potent

关 键 词：生态系统服务 生态系统管理 供给、需求与消费 价值评估 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]