小学一、五年级学生视力及屈光状态构成对比分析  

Comparative analysis of visual acuity and refractive status structure in pupils of grade 1 and grade 5

作　　者：陈艳艳[1] 王巍[1] 刘常明[1] 尹忠贵[1] 匡大立[1] 吴晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区人民医院眼科,201299

出　　处：《中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志》2012年第1期14-17,共4页Chinese Journal of Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生局青年基金项目(PW2010B-5)

摘　　要：目的了解小学一、五年级学生视力及屈光状态的构成情况,为儿童近视的预防矫治工作提供参考。方法对上海市川沙学区小学一年级学生447人,共计894只眼,五年级学生269人,共计538只眼进行眼科普查,先检查其裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力及小瞳屈光状态,后给予睫状肌麻痹剂散瞳,检查其基础屈光状态。结果近视是小学生视力低常的主要原因。小学五年级学生的视力低常率(54.3%)和近视患病率(53.2%)明显高于一年级(7.4%,6.2%),一年级的散光患病率(64.7%)高于五年级(59.5%)。两个年级各种屈光状态构成存在差异;五年级整体屈光状态偏近视,一年级偏远视。两个年级男女生屈光发育存在显著性差异。结论小学五年期间,是儿童屈光发育变化较快的年龄阶段,也是儿童屈光异常预防矫治的关键时期,应该作为儿童近视预防的重要阶段。Objective To study the visual acuity and the refractive status in pupils of grade 1 and grade 5 in order to provide reference for preventing myopia in children.Methods Visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity,non-cycloplegic objective refractive status were measured,then the cycloplegia was used in order to get the basic refraction.Results Myopia is the main reason for low visual acuity.The prevalence rate of low vision（54.3%） and myopia（53.2%） in grade 5 is obviously higher than grade 1（.4%,6.2%）.But the prevalence rate of astigmatism in grade 1（64.7%） is higher than grade 5（59.5%）.The various refractive status of the two grade is obviously different.The refractive status of grade 5 is near to myopia,but that of grade 1 is near to hyperopia.The refractive status between the boy students and girl student is obviously different too.Conclusions During the period of the primary school,the refractive status is continuously changed,it＇s the critical period of preventing the ametropia.It should be regarded as the important phase to control myopia.

关 键 词：视力 屈光状态 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]