菜薹—青花菜种间三倍体AAC的合成及其生殖特性研究  

Synthesis of Allotriploid(AAC)Through Hybridization Between Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Broccoli and the Preliminary Research on Reproductive Characters

作　　者：乔海云[1] 李菲[1] 张淑江[1] 章时蕃[1] 张慧[1] 孙日飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《园艺学报》2012年第4期655-660,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-A-01);中国农业科学院作物科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2060302-02-12);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目

摘　　要：以菜薹—青花菜异源双二倍体(AACC)为桥梁亲本,通过与亲本菜薹(AA)回交获得了菜薹—青花菜种间异源三倍体AAC。该三倍体总体形态介于菜薹与青花菜之间,生长势较强,经根尖染色体鉴定,具有预期的染色体数2n=3x=29;花粉生活力及单个花蕾的花粉量都明显的低于菜薹和青花菜;减数分裂时期染色体行为复杂,在中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ、中期Ⅱ和后期Ⅱ存在落后染色体,后期Ⅰ染色体不均等分离,有15/14、16/13等多种分离方式,形成染色体数不等的配子。The allotetraploid hybrids （AACC,2n = 4x = 38）derived from the hybridization between flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen. et Lee）and broccoli （Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch） were as the female parent,through backcrossing with parent flowering Chinese cabbage（AA）,the allotriploid hybrids with AAC genomes were obtained. The allotriploid hybrids（AAC）were strong in growth and with the characters of both parents（flowering Chinese cabbage and broccoli）. Cytological identification revealed that the allotriploid hybrids had the anticipative chromosomes （2n = 3x = 29）. The pollen viability and pollen number of one flower bud were lower than flowering Chinese cabbage and broccoli. The pollen-mother-cell’s meiotic chromosome behavior of allotriploid was complicated,such as the occurrence of chromosome lagging at metaphaseⅠ, anaphaseⅠ,metaphaseⅡ and anaphaseⅡ and the chromosome distribution at anaphaseⅠwas unbalanced, having 15/14,16/13 and so on. The complicate chromosome behavior in meiosis resulted the forming of gametes with different chromosome number.

关 键 词：菜薹 青花菜 异源三倍体 种间杂交 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S634.5[农业科学—蔬菜学] S635[农业科学—园艺学]