绿洲生态系统及其环境特征  

OASIS ECOSYSTEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

作　　者：王永兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐新疆830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2000年第1期7-12,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重大项目 !(KZ95 1-B1-2 13 )

摘　　要：绿洲是干旱区最重要的生态系统 ,其环境特点、结构和运行机制都与陆地生态系统中的其它生态系统类型有着显著的差别。本文对绿洲生态系统进行了较为系统的论述 ,讨论了与绿洲生态系统密切相关的重要环境要素的特点 ,以及绿洲生态系统的结构特点和运行机制。Being different from those in other ecosystems on environmental characteristics, structure and work mechanism, oasis ecosystems are the most important ecosystems in arid land. The conception, environmental characteristics, structure and work mechanism of oasis ecosystems are systematically discussed in this paper. The results show that oasis ecosystems are the systems existing only in arid land, they have higher productivity with denser vegetation that lives on the external natural water resources. The main types of the oasis ecosystems in Xinjiang include oasis farmland, oasis human settlements, lower grassland and plain Togay ecosystem. The environmental characteristics have basic influence to the oasis ecosystems. On the climate, there is airflow exchange between the oases and the deserts. It is observed that the cool wet air is transported from the oases to the deserts, and the deserts perform an opposite process. The wet airflow from the oases takes a part in the hydrological process in the deserts. On the hydrology, the water resources are relatively richer and more stable on the oases. Most of surface water flow is channeled by human in farmland and cities in the upper middle area of the oases for the use of human production and life, the lower grassland ecosystems exist only on the underground water which formed by the outlet water from the farmland. An investigation of some typical vegetation shows that the depth of the underground water table and the quantity of the underground water influence critically the state of the lower grassland ecosystems. The soil types in the oases vary in a certain law from the upper to the lower reaches along the surface water flow on the oases. Generally, the soil types from the upper to the lower reaches are: zonality soils (gray desert soil)-hydromorphic soils (bog soil, meadow soil)-solonchak. In the area of farmland, the soil reformed by the people is as oasis soil. The influence of human activities to the natural oases expresses on the two aspects: one hand, the n

关 键 词：绿洲 生态系统 环境特点 运行 环境地理 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]