东北7种蒲公英花粉形态比较与分类问题探讨  

Pollen Morphological Comparision of Seven Species of Northeast Taraxacum and Taxonomic Problems Investigation

作　　者：宁伟[1] 贾庆飞[1] 李海娟[1] 宋文婵[1] 吴杰[1] 李天来[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院/东北野菜种质异位保存圃与鉴定中心/设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2011年第6期658-662,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家农业部野生植物资源保护资助项目(农计发[2010]29号)

摘　　要：利用扫描电子显微镜对东北地区7种蒲公英植物的花粉进行了观察和研究,从花粉形态特征角度,探讨了东北地区7种蒲公英在分类学类上存在的种归并问题。结果表明:蒲公英花粉为近球形或近扁球形;花粉粒极轴(P)大小为19.6～31.7μm,赤道轴(E)长为24.5～36.4μm,P/E变化范围不明显;萌发孔孔型为圆形凹陷、扁圆形凹陷和近圆形凹陷;外壁纹饰均为刺状雕纹,条脊宽和条脊距因种各异,内部穿孔的有无也存在差异;脊上突起的小刺密度不同,最大的为斑叶蒲公英,最小的为蒙古蒲公英。根据花粉形态特征差异支持《中国植物志》的分类结果:将卷苞蒲公英(T.antungense Kitag)和丹东蒲公英(T.urbanum Kitag)归为一种,红梗蒲公英(T.erthropodium Kitag)和斑叶蒲公英(T.variegatum Kitag)归为一种,蒙古蒲公英(T.mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)和辽东蒲公英(T.liaotungense Kitag)归为一种。Based on morphological classification, the Northeast seven species of taraxacum pollen has been studied using the scanning electron microscopy, and based on the pollen morphology of these seven species of dandelion the taxonomy was made. The results showed that： （1） Dandelion pollen is nearly spherical or nearly flat spherical; pollen grain size in the range of P （19.6-31.7μm） ×E （24.5-36.41μm）; P/E range is not obvious, germination hole is round depression, or depression or near-circular flat circular depression; carved wall ornamentation is thorn-like pattern, the ridge width and space are different; the internal perforations are various; ridge small protruding spines have different densities, the largest of Tetranychus dandelion, the minimum of Mongolia. （2） The morphological characteristics of pollen results support the classification results of ＂Flora of China＂： T. antungense Kitag and T. urbanum Kitag were classified as a species, T. erthropodium Kitag and T. variegatum Kitag were classified as a species. T. mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.and T. liaotungense Kitag were classified as a species.

关 键 词：蒲公英 花粉形态 扫描电镜 分类学 

分 类 号：Q949.783.5[生物学—植物学]