不同棉花间作模式中作物养分吸收和利用对间作优势的贡献  

Uptake and conversion efficiencies of NPK and corresponding contribution to yield advantage in cotton-based intercropping systems

作　　者：党小燕[1] 刘建国[1] 帕尼古丽[1] 王江丽[1] 危常州[1] 李隆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832000 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第5期513-519,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA4B03);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003043-01)资助

摘　　要：棉花间作能够解决棉花与粮食作物和蔬菜作物争地的矛盾,但是否有间作优势以及间作优势的作物营养基础是众所关心的问题。本研究在新疆石河子大学试验站设置棉花与花生、大豆、鹰嘴豆、洋葱、萝卜、线辣椒间作以及各个作物单作的田间试验,以期揭示以棉花为基础的间作体系的间作优势以及养分吸收和利用效率对间作优势的贡献。结果表明,棉花与鹰嘴豆、花生、洋葱、萝卜间作体系作物的吸氮量明显高于单作18%~74%,棉花与大豆和线辣椒间作体系作物的吸氮量低于单作10%和34%;棉花与大豆、鹰嘴豆、花生、洋葱、萝卜间作体系中作物吸磷量比单作增加5%~104%,棉花与线辣椒间作体系作物的吸磷量低于单作6%;棉花与花生、洋葱、萝卜间作体系中作物吸钾量高于单作20%~58%,棉花与大豆、鹰嘴豆和线辣椒间作作物吸钾量低于间作19%~22%。棉花与鹰嘴豆、花生、洋葱、萝卜间作以后土地当量比（LER）分别为1.02、1.30、1.12、1.68,都大于1,说明具有间作优势;棉花与大豆、线辣椒间作后LER分别为0.91和0.99,小于1,没有间作优势。棉花与花生、洋葱和萝卜间作体系氮磷钾吸收效率对LER的贡献分别为0.41~0.82、0.25~1.04和0.15~0.59,利用效率的贡献分别为0.35~0.04、0.03~0.14和0.16~0.01。结果表明,棉花与其他作物的间作优势在营养方面的基础主要来自于间作相对于单作吸收效率的增加,而不是利用效率的改变。Cotton-based intercropping is a popular agronomic practice in Northwest China.This agronomic practice addresses the conflict in planting area/space between cereals and cotton.However,not sufficient knowledge exists on the yield advantage and nu-trient uptake and conversion of cotton-based intercropping.In this paper,the uptake and conversion efficiency of nitrogen（N）,phos-phorus（P） and potassium（K） were assessed in several cotton-based intercropping systems,including cotton/peanut,cotton/soybean,cotton/chickpea,cotton/onion,cotton/radish and cotton/line-chilli intercropping systems,and the corresponding monocropping sys-tems.Then yield advantage and nutrient uptake and conversion of cropping systems were determined.Compared with weighted mean of monocultured crops of sole cropping systems,cotton/peanut,cotton/chickpea,cotton/onion and cotton/radish intercropping sys-tems increased N uptake by the range of 18%~74%.Also,compared with corresponding weighted mean of monocultured crops,cot-ton/soybean and cotton/chilli intercropping systems decreased N uptake by 10% and 34%,respectively.P uptake under intercropping systems of cotton/peanut,cotton/chickpea,cotton/onion,cotton/radish and cotton/soybean was higher than that under the corre-sponding sole cropping systems by 5%~104%.However,the reverse was the case for cotton/chill,where it was lower by 6%.About 20%~58% increase in K uptake was noted under cotton/peanut,cotton/onion and cotton/radish intercropping systems over the corre-sponding sole cropping systems.However,K uptake dropped by 19%~22% under cotton/soybean,cotton/chickpea and cotton/chilli intercropping systems over the corresponding sole cropping systems.Land equivalent ratios（LER） of cotton/chickpea,cotton/peanut,cotton/onion and cotton/radish intercropping systems were 1.02,1.30,1.12 and 1.68,respectively,indicating a significant yield ad-vantage.However,LER of both cotton/soybean and cotton/chilli intercropping systems were 0.91 and 0.99,respectively,indicating no yield advantage.The co

关 键 词：间作棉花 间作优势 养分吸收量 养分利用效率 土地当量比 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]