生态补偿对牧民社会观念的影响--以甘南黄河水源补给区为例  

Impact of ecological compensation on herdsman's social senses:a case of Yellow River Water Supply Area of Gannan

作　　者：侯成成[1] 赵雪雁[1] 赵敏丽[1] 江进德[1] 张丽[1] 李建豹[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第5期650-655,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

摘　　要：牧民的生态环境行为受制于牧民的社会观念,全面评估生态补偿对牧民社会观念带来的影响是牧区环境不断改善的必要前提。本研究以甘南黄河水源补给区为例,基于多准则模糊分析模型,采用参与性农户评估方法对牧民家庭进行调查,并根据分布区域将其分成纯牧区牧户、半牧区牧户和农区牧户,就实施生态补偿后对甘南黄河水源补给区内牧民的社会观念变化造成的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)生态补偿对牧民的维权意识影响指数为3.53,影响程度较高,但全区仅有41.13%的牧民选择维权,农区要好于纯牧区和半牧区,牧民的维权意识有待进一步提高;(2)生态补偿对牧民的监督意识影响指数为4.02,影响程度很高,受牧民文化程度的影响,在半牧区和农区表现较为强烈;(3)牧民对环境变化的关注程度不断加大,生态补偿对牧民的环保意识的影响较为深刻,影响指数为3.95,且3组之间差异不大;(4)生态补偿对牧民参与意识的影响指数为3.94,生态环境的改善和优惠政策带来的好处导致半牧区和农区牧民受到更大影响。从整体来看,生态补偿的实施对甘南黄河水源补给区牧民的社会观念产生了重要影响,其中纯牧区牧民具有更好的维权意识,而半牧区和农区牧民则对监督意识、参与意识具有更深感受。The environmental behaviors of herdsmen are influenced by their social senses.It is therefore necessary to assess the impacts of ecological compensation on herdsman＇s social senses during environmental improvement processes.The fuzzy multi-criteria analysis model was constructed to assess the changes in herdsman＇s social senses brought about by ecological compen-sation in Yellow River Water Supply Area of Gannan.The study was based on a survey involving 124 herdsman households using the participatory rural appraisal（PRA） approach.Based on distribution area,all surveyed herdsman households were divided into three groups-herdsman households from pure pasture area,herdsman households from planting/pasture area and households from agri-cultural area.The results showed that：（1） effect index of ecological compensation on legal awareness of herdsman was 3.53,indicat-ing a moderate positive effect.The proportion of herdsmen with legal awareness was only 41.13%,and it was higher in agricultural area than in planting/pasture and pure pasture areas.This suggested that legal awareness of herdsman needed further improvement.（2） Effect index of ecological compensation on supervisory awareness of herdsman was 4.02.This was a high positive effect.Because of relative higher education level,however,herdsmen in planting/pasture and agricultural areas were affected greater than in pure pas-ture area.（3） Effect index of ecological compensation on environmental awareness of herdsman was 3.95.Because of increased con-cern of herdsman on environmental protection and environment processes,ecological compensation affected herdsman＇s environ-mental awareness profoundly,and no difference existed among the three areas.（4） Effect index of ecological compensation on par-ticipatory awareness of herdsman was 3.94,and it was higher in planting/pasture and agricultural areas,owning to benefits brought about by ameliorative environment and preferential policy.On the average,ecological compensation importantly influenced

关 键 词：生态补偿 社会观念 牧民 多准则模糊分析模型 甘南黄河水源补给区 参与性农户评估方法 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X862