中国芝麻种质资源研究Ⅱ.保存与更新  

Studies on sesame germplasm resources in China Ⅱ. Conservation and regeneration

作　　者：冯祥运[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2000年第1期43-45,共3页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金："七五";"八五"国家攻关课题! ( 75- 0 1- 0 2- 0 5- 0 3 ;85- 0 0 1- 0 3- 0 4- 0 3 ); IPGRI资助项目! ( 94/15 8)

摘　　要：1 98 6～ 1 995年共繁殖芝麻种子 4 2 51份送交国家种质库长期保存 ,并建立了复份种子中期库 ,同时各省市区也分别保存了本地区的资源。在自然条件下芝麻种子超干燥贮藏 (种子含水量为 2 %左右 ) ,有效保存期可达 1 7～ 2 0年。干燥器具有超干燥、中长期保存芝麻种子的良好效果。采用非隔离种植方式 ,辅以田间去杂提纯、花期化学杀虫等措施 ,能有效地保持芝麻亲子代遗传相似性。在正常条件下 ,一般种植群体的有效株率占 50 %,群体达到 2 5～ 50株时 ,才能满足贮藏所需的最低种子量 ( 3 0～ 50 g)From 1986 on, the regeneration of sesame germplasm resources collected and trimmed in China was conducted in succession. By 1995, a total of 4251 accessions had been propagated and sent to national genebank for long term storage, and the mid term genebank with the same accessions had also been established. In the meantime ,each province, city and autonomous region maintained its local materials. Through the research on ultra dry storage of sesame seeds in natural condition, it was found that the valid storage period could be up to 17～20 years when the moisture content of seeds was about 2%, and proved that the dessicators had good effects for ultra dry, mid and long term storage of sesame seeds. By using non isolation method with the auxillary measures such as field purifying and using insecticides during florescence etc., the parent offspring genetic similarity could be effectively maintained. Under normal condition, the valid plant rate in ordinary planting population was 50%, when the population came to 25～50 plants in non isolation growing, the minimum seed amount (30～50g) needed for conservation could be met.

关 键 词：芝麻 种质资源 超干燥 保存 繁殖更新 

分 类 号：S565.302.4[农业科学—作物学]